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Biomedical subjects

R I Miller

Publications and source records attributed to R I Miller.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Variations in estimates of Guatemalan infant mortality, vaccination coverage, and ORS use reported by different sources.

All available estimates of rates of infant mortality, vaccination coverage (for BCG, DPT 3, polio 3, measles, and tetanus toxoid), and ORS use in Guatemala in the 1980s were identified and investigated. A large number of sources and estimates were found. Large discrepancies were also found between the estimates for a given indicator, even when the estimates were reported for the same year by the same source. For instance, reports for 1985 yielded 10 different infant mortality estimates ranging from 56.0 to 79.8 deaths per 1,000 live births; vaccination coverage estimates ranging from 30% to 60.5% for BCG, 3.5% to 34.2% for DPT 3, 3.5% to 33.5% for polio 3, 11% to 58.2% for measles, and 1% to 8.2% for tetanus toxoid; and estimated use rates of oral rehydration solution ranging from 3.5% to 7.2%. In this same vein, three Guatemalan Ministry of Health estimates of infant deaths per 1,000 live births in 1984 ranged from 52.4 to 79.8; four UNICEF estimates for 1985 ranged from 65 to 79.8; and three USAID estimates for 1987 ranged from 59 to 72. The many reasons found for this diversity point to significant problems influencing the reliability of current data.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1994

Managing disruptive responses to bathing by elderly residents. Strategies for the cognitively impaired.

1. Persons with altered cognition are more prone to display inappropriate behaviors because of decreased ability to accurately interpret environmental cues, and increased frustration in combination with reduced inhibition. 2. Disruptive and agitated behaviors are commonly associated with the provision of assistance with activities of daily living, particularly bathing and dressing. 3. A preventive approach intended to reduce the occurrence of distress and disruptive behaviors in cognitively impaired residents during showering and bathing respects long-standing routines and preferences of the patient.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Duration of amnesia associated with midazolam/fentanyl intravenous sedation.

The purpose of this study was to determine the duration of amnesia associated with the intravenous usage of midazolam and fentanyl. The midazolam was administered in three different dosages based on the patient's weight in kilograms. Patients were shown a series of pen-and-ink drawings at various times throughout the procedure and tested the next day for memory of the drawings using both free recall and match-to-sample paradigms. The results indicate that the low-dosage group (0.07 mg/kg) had insufficient amnesia, whereas the medium (0.10 mg/kg) and high (0.13 mg/kg) groups displayed adequate amnesia in the intraoperative period.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Efficacy of ivermectin in paste and injectable formulations against microfilariae of Onchocerca cervicalis and resolution of associated dermatitis in horses.

The efficacy of a single dose of ivermectin (0.2 mg/kg), in injectable or paste formulations, against microfilariae of Onchocerca cervicalis and associated skin lesions was evaluated in 20 naturally infected horses during midsummer months in Louisiana. All horses had clinical signs of dermatitis of the ventral midline and/or limbs, shoulders, thorax, and withers. Efficacy was monitored at 21, 42, and 63 days after treatment. Procedures done at these intervals included microfilarial counts of 6-mm skin biopsy specimens of affected ventral midline, grading of gross lesions, and photography and histologic assessment of ventral midline biopsy specimens. Microfilarial numbers were reduced to 0 by 21 days after treatment in all but one horse. Active lesions improved or were resolved completely by 63 days after treatment. Total inflammation, as judged by histologic methods, was reduced in all horses by 63 days after treatment, but there was a residual population of inflammatory cells in all horses. Adverse reactions after treatment were not observed in any of the horses.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Prospective study of dysesthesia following odontectomy of impacted mandibular third molars.

Dysesthesia following odontectomy of impacted mandibular third molars is observed in some patients. This prospective study reports the clinical incidence of this untoward sequela to occur in 3.3% of patients. An analysis of possible etiologic factors reveals that development of dysesthesia of the inferior alveolar and lingual nerves is more likely to occur with: complete bony impacted mandibular third molars; mesioangular impacted third molars; impacted third molars with the crown at the cemento-enamel junction of the second molar; and when burs are used to remove bone and when the roots approximate the inferior alveolar canal.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Clinical outcomes of patients with suspected pulmonary embolism and low-probability aerosol-perfusion scintigrams.

The clinical outcomes of 183 patients with suspected pulmonary embolism (PE) and a "low probability of PE" interpretation of aerosol-perfusion scintigrams were reviewed. Based in part on the scintigraphic findings, 173 of the patients (94.5%) were not treated with anticoagulants. Over a mean follow-up period of 8.4 months, only one patient (who was from the untreated group) had clinical evidence of PE. These results suggest that a low-probability interpretation of the aerosol-perfusion scintigram is generally reliable and a suitable indicator for clinical decision making in patients suspected of having PE.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1987

Dental management of patients with sickle cell disorders.

The pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, screening protocol, and dental management of the patient with sickle cell anemia or sickle cell trait are discussed. Treatment modalities are presented to aid the practitioner in caring for the patient with a sickle cell disorder.

Anemia, Sickle Cell↗
PubMed1987

Seasonal changes in density and tissue distribution of Onchocerca cervicalis microfilariae in ponies and related changes in Culicoides variipennis populations in Louisiana.

Seasonal changes in density and spatial distribution of Onchocerca cervicalis microfilariae were studied in ventral-midline skin of 15 infected pony mares in southern Louisiana. Triple running mean analysis of data over a 13-mo period indicated that a distinct pattern exists in total microfilariae population density and in microfilariae occurrence in different levels of the dermis. Microfilariae density reaches peak levels in the spring followed by a 58% decrease in the summer, a 19% increase in the fall, and a decrease to the lowest numbers in the winter. Microfilariae were found in all levels of the skin during the spring, summer, and fall but were not found in the superficial layers of the dermis during the winter months. The population density of Culicoides variipennis, a demonstrated vector of O. cervicalis, appeared to have seasonal fluctuations similar to the changes in microfilarial density. Harmonic wave analysis of microfilariae density data in individual ponies showed that all individuals did not follow the population trend.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Remodeling of bilateral condylar fractures in a child.

An unusual case of bilateral condylar fractures in a child with extensive remodeling of the condyles is described. The case was complicated by the delay in diagnosing the fractures and the severity of the apertognathia, limited mandibular opening, and deviation of the mandible. Conservative therapy allowed remodeling of the condyles.

Child↗
PubMed1985

Immunodeficiency manifested by oral candidiasis and bacterial septicemia in foals.

Oral candidiasis and bacterial septicemia were diagnosed in 8 foals that had laboratory and/or pathologic evidence of immunodeficiency. Two foals suffered solely from complete failure of passive transfer of colostal immunoglobulins. Six foals had evidence of immune defects but did not meet the criteria for diagnosis of any of the currently recognized primary equine immunodeficiency syndromes. All six of these foals died or were euthanatized due to bacterial infections. One foal with failure of passive transfer recovered and the other died of a mesenteric torsion before the effect of treatment could be evaluated.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Cutaneous pythiosis in beef calves.

Six Brahman and Brahman-cross calves less than or equal to 9 months old were examined because of ulcerative swellings of the fetlocks (5 calves) or numerous focal ulcerated cutaneous lesions (1 calf). Biopsies revealed focal cutaneous granulomas around regular, thick-walled branching hyphae, 4 to 9 micron in diameter. In all cases, portions of the hyphae were surrounded by granular encrustations, which ultrastructurally were composed of amorphous material comparable to antigen-antibody complexes. The protist Pythium sp was isolated from 2 calves.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Phycomycosis caused by Basidiobolus haptosporus in two horses.

Basidiobolus haptosporus was isolated from a horse with a rapidly progressive ulcerative lesion of the ventral midline. The pathologic findings of an irregular line of yellow material composed of hyphae, eosinophils, and granulomatous inflammation between the superficial edematous tissue and the underlying muscle, and hyphae in tissue sections intimately surrounded by granular eosinophilic cuffs were considered diagnostic for this and one other case diagnosed retrospectively. Both horses were successfully treated by surgery and potassium iodide.

Animals↗