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Biomedical subjects

R I Schiff

Publications and source records attributed to R I Schiff.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Prospective study on the hepatitis safety of intravenous immunoglobulin, pH 4.25.

Recent reports of transmission by intravenous gamma-globulin preparations of non-A non-B hepatitis (NANBH), including several cases that progressed to severe liver damage and death, have raised concerns about the safety of intravenous gamma-globulin. However, the problem does not seem to be widespread. To assess this issue, we previously reported the results of liver function tests monitored in 41 patients with primary immunodeficiency treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IGIV), pH 4.25 over periods ranging from 6 to 15 months. Eighteen of these patients at two of the three centers have now had serial serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) levels performed regularly at intervals of 1-5 weeks while continuing monthly intravenous infusions of nonmodified IGIV, pH 4.25 for an additional 14-26 months. The standard dosage was 400 mg per kg body weight IGIV, pH 4.25. Six lots of IGIV, pH 4.25 were used. Transient minor SGPT elevations were observed in 5 of the patients on a total of 8 occasions. None of the elevations was considered indicative of NANBH or of any chronic hepatic disease. All patients remained negative for hepatitis B surface antigen throughout the study.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The influence of the buffer on maintenance of tissue lipid in specimens for scanning electron microscopy.

Preparations of tissues and cells for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) fixed with glutaraldehyde (G CHO) buffered in either Na-cacodylate or Piperazine-N-N' bis (20-ethanol sulfonic acid) (PIPES) differ in their morphology. The influence of the nature of these buffers in the tissue fixing and washing solutions on appearance in scanning electron microscopy is described. Biochemical determinations of lipid retention were performed on frog and chick embryos fixed for 24 hours with 3% G CHO in either 0.03 and 0.1 M PIPES (ph. 7.3) or 0.1 M Na-cacodylate (ph. 7.3). Embryonic tissue was chosen for its relatively high lipid content and delicacy which may be expected to enhance the sensitivity at which buffer effects become apparent. The comparable small and uniform sizes of the embryos minimize differences in fixation quality due to penetration. Lipid, recovered from homogenized tissue after treatment with chloroform/methanol/water (1:2.1:1, v/v) was considered as retained. The extraction results, which showed a significant reduction of lipid losses when PIPES buffer was used, are taken to account for the morphological differences observed in SEM and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Correction of severe combined immunodeficiency by fetal liver cells.

As an alternative to bone-marrow transplantation, two infants with severe combined immunodeficiency who had no histocompatible donors were given intraperitoneal infusions of fresh liver cells from fetuses of eight and nine to 10 weeks. Transient graft-versus-host disease began at 42 and 52 days, respectively. Both infants had rises in T cells and declines in B cells by three months. No functional immunologic improvement occurred in the first infant, who died of pulmonary disease 10 months later. Clinical and functional immunologic improvement occurred in the other, who is now 19 months after transplantation. Lymphocyte responses to phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen were noted by three months, to concanavalin A by five months, and to allogeneic cells by eight months. Delayed cutaneous responsiveness to candida developed and IgM became norma. IgA and IgG remained low. Chimerism was demonstrated by a donor marker chromosome in metaphases from recipient lymphocytes. Fetal liver cells therefore reversed the immunodeficiency.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1976

Heterogeneity of lymphocyte subpopulations in severe combined immunodeficiency. Evidence against a stem cell defect.

Surface markers typical of T and B lymphocytes were present on varying proportions of peripheral blood lymphocytes from three infants with severe combined immunodeficiency disease. Despite this, functions mediated by T and B cells were either absent or very minimal in all three, including cell-mediated responses in vivo; the in vitro proliferative response to mitogens, allogeneic cells, or antigens; effector cell function in lymphocyte-antibody lymphocytolytic interaction assays; and in vitro synthesis of IgG, IgA, and IgM. In contrast, mononuclear cells from one of the infants were tested and found capable of lysing both human and chicken antibody-coated erythrocyte targets normally. Co-cultivation experiments with unrelated normal control lymphocytes failed to demonstrate suppressor cell activity for immunoglobulin synthesis in these infants. Augmentations of immunoglobulin production from 310 to 560% over that expected on the basis of individual culture data were noted in co-cultures of one of the infants' cells with two different unrelated normal control cells. These findings suggest that that infant may have had a T helper cell defect or that his T cells were unable to produce soluble factors necessary for B cell differentiation. The finding of cells with differentiation markers characteristic of T and B lymphocytes in each of these patients, though in variable quantities, is further evidence for heterogeneity among patients with the clinical syndrome of severe combined immunodeficiency and argues against the concept that their immunodeficiency was due to a stem cell defect.

Adenosine Deaminase↗