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Biomedical subjects

R J Bartrum

Publications and source records attributed to R J Bartrum.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1986

Ultrasound instrumentation.

This article begins by reviewing the basic physical principles of ultrasound emphasizing those factors which control the resolution of the ultrasound image. It next proceeds to a discussion of the types of ultrasound instruments currently available for diagnostic use including their method of image production and focusing as well as the system utilized for creating a real-time image. The types of scanners currently available are then grouped by certain common characteristics and the strengths and weaknesses of each type of instrument is examined. There is also a discussion of specialized ultrasound scanners such as dedicated breast scanners and doppler instruments. Finally, the paper concludes with recommendations for the most suitable instrument for various clinical situations.

Humans↗
PubMed1984

Transillumination lightscanning to diagnose breast cancer: a feasibility study.

Lightscanning is a new technique for breast diagnosis. The breast is illuminated with low-intensity light, and the transmission pattern of relatively narrow bands of red and infrared light is detected, amplified, reconstructed, and displayed in visual wavelengths. With a prototype scanner, 1200 patients referred for xeromammography were examined. All patients had both a lightscan and a xeromammogram obtained on the same day, and the examinations were interpreted blindly and in combination. Thirty-three patients had biopsy-proven cancer. The sensitivity and specificity of the nonblind lightscan and the xeromammogram were comparable. The sensitivity of the blind lightscan was poorer than the other two examinations for tumors smaller than 10 mm and for nonpalpable tumors. The technique of lightscanning is discussed and recommendations for further evaluation are made.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Real-time ultrasound: its role in abdominal examinations.

Until recently, real-time ultrasound has not had a central role in abdominal examinations due to the limited resolution of the scanners. However, a new generation of high-resolution real-time scanners has been introduced in the past year, and these machines are now being promoted as principal abdominal scanners. The authors have used a mechanical, phase-focused, annular array in conjunction with a conventional articulated-arm B-scanner for over a year in more than 2,000 examinations. Based on this experience, they present the argument that high-resolution real-time should be used as the standard technique for abdominal examination, and that it is not necessary to have a conventional articulated-arum scanner as backup.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1979

Ultrasonic appearance of the falciform ligament.

In transverse liver scans an echogenic focus was commonly encountered at the junction of the right and left hepatic lobes. This finding was variable in prominence, but could be identified in 22 of 25 patients with otherwise normal livers in whom it was specifically sought. Correlation of ultrasound and CT examinations indicate that these echoes represent the falciform ligament. This normal anatomic structure can be differentiated from an intrahepatic mass by attention to its consistent location and alteration of its configuration by experimenting with the transducer axis during the examination.

Humans↗
PubMed1977

Ultrasonic and radiographic cholecystography.

To define the relative merits of radiographic and ultrasonic cholecystography, we studied 208 randomly selected patients with possible cholelithiasis. The patients underwent both procedures, and the results were interpreted in blind fashion. Two hundred patients had satisfactory confirmation of their diagnosis, by either a well visualized radiographic cholecystogram or operation or both. The overall accuracy of the ultrasonic examination was 93 per cent, with a false-negative rate of 11 and an indeterminate rate of 4 per cent. The indeterminate rate was 24 per cent for the single-dose oral cholecystogram and 8 per cent for the double-dose oral cholecystogram. Both ultrasonic cholecystography and radiographic cholecystography are useful to detect gallstones. Our findings support using single-dose oral cholecystography as the routine first examination. If the gallbladder is not satifactorily visualized, ultrasonic cholecystography can be performed immediately. In an emergency or for patients who might be pregnant, ultrasonic cholecystography is available as the initial examination.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1977

The relationship of computed tomography and ultrasonography in diagnosis of abdominal disease.

A detailed comparison of computed tomography and ultrasonography of the abdomen is presented from a theoretical point of view. The advantages and limitations of both modalities are discussed in terms of scan content, resolution, plane of interrogation, dynamic imaging, examination time, imaging problems, automation, contrast administration, puncture guidance, examination availability, hazards, personnel and space requirements, and cost. Analysis of these factors leads the authors to conclude that ultrasound should be the procedure of choice for sectional imaging of the abdomen. Computed tomography should be reserved for those situations in which the ultrasound examination is not diagnostic (i.e., skeletal system, lungs, mediastinum).

Abdomen↗
PubMed1976

Expanded criteria for the ultrasonic diagnosis of gallstones.

The ultrasonic examination of the gallbladder for stones can be an accurate procedure if an expanded set of criteria are used. Employing such criteria we have been able to reach a diagnosis in 92 percent of examinations with no false positive and no false negative results. The expanded criteria are described and several illustrative examples are shown.

Cholelithiasis↗
PubMed1976

Evaluation of renal transplants with ultrasound.

Ultrasound scanning is useful in evaluating renal transplants: it is atraumatic, independent of renal function, and well suited for analyzing such common complications as lymphocele, abscess, hydronephrosis, and hematoma. When there is uncertainty as to the nature of a paranephric mass, ultrasonically guided percutaneous aspiration is definitive. Ultrasound can also detect the acute increase in renal volume associated with rejection and may prove to be a valuable adjunct in the early diagnosis of this problem.

Abscess↗
PubMed1975

Percutaneous aspiration biopsy of the pancreas under ultrasonic guidance.

Fine-needle aspiration biopsy for cytologic diagnosis was performed on seven patients suspected of having pancreatic tumors. A 23-gauge biopsy needle was accurately placed in the suspicious lesion under ultrasonic guidance. Six patients had tumors; of these, five had a definite cytologic diagnosis, and the sixth was suspicious of tumor. There was no morbidity associated with the procedure in these patients. Although fine-needle biopsy is not expected to prolong life in patients with pancreatic tumors, it does eliminate the need for more complicated, expensive, uncomfortable and hazardous diagnostic procedures. In many cases exploratory surgery may be obviated.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1975

Ultrasonic evaluation of pararenal masses.

The ease of performing ultrasonic examination and its noninvasive nature make it especially useful in seriously ill patients. We present 12 patients with lesions that can be identified by ultrasound, along with a discussion of the differential diagnosis. Ultrasonically guided percutaneous aspiration biopsy can confirm the diagnosis in selected patients.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1975

Residual urine determination by ultrasonic scanning.

In 14 patients with an indwelling catheter, 48 different determinations of bladder volume were made using 5 different ultrasonic methods. The simplest procedure, the largest sagittal diameter of the bladder in the median plane, gave only a rough estimate of the bladder volume. The product of bladder depth, height, and width, as determined from transverse and sagittal scans, showed the best correlation to the true bladder volume (r equals 0.90). Computerized reconstruction of multiple serial cross sections proved less accurate than the much simpler depth, height, width product. None of the methods for quantitation of small volumes was good, but qualitative determination of small volumes was accurate.

Female↗