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Biomedical subjects

R J Burke

Publications and source records attributed to R J Burke.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Improved specificity of myocardial thallium-201 single-photon emission computed tomography in patients with left bundle branch block by dipyridamole.

Reduced septal uptake of thallium-201 during exercise is frequently observed in patients with left bundle branch block (LBBB) and normal coronary arteries. This may reflect normal coronary autoregulation in response to lower septal oxygen demand; thus, dipyridamole, which uniformly exploits flow reserve, would be more accurate for diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD). Sixteen patients with LBBB underwent exercise and dipyridamole thallium-201 single-photon emission computed tomography and coronary angiography within 3 months. Sensitivity for detection of left anterior descending CAD (greater than 50% stenosis) was 0.83 for exercise and 1.00 for dipyridamole. Specificity was 0.30 (visual) or 0.20 (quantitative analysis) for exercise and 0.80 (visual) or 0.90 (quantitative) for dipyridamole (p less than 0.05). Dipyridamole combined with quantitative analysis also improved specificity of CAD detection overall (p less than 0.01). These data demonstrate that pharmacologic vasodilation is more accurate than exercise when diagnosing CAD by myocardial perfusion scintigraphy in patients with LBBB.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Occupational stress and job satisfaction among physicians: sex differences.

The present study provides empirical findings from a national survey of physicians and addresses issues of sex differences in the nature of occupational stress experienced by physicians, and the sources of satisfaction in medical practice. Data were collected using questionnaires from 2584 physicians. The sample was randomly selected to represent physicians in all Canadian provinces. About 10% of the respondents were female. Measures included self-reports of stress and satisfaction, demographic variables, practice characteristics, and attitudes about health care. Major sources of stress indicated by female and male physicians were time pressures on the job, and major sources of satisfaction were relationships with patients and colleagues. Sex differences were found in terms of the specific variables that predicted job stress and satisfaction. However, for both women and men, various work setting variables positively predicted occupational stress and negatively predicted job satisfaction. Significant sex differences were present in both demographic and situational variables as well as measures of occupational stress and attitudes about health care. Correlations indicate that for both female and male physicians, high levels of occupational stress was associated with less satisfaction with medical practice and more negative attitudes about the medicare system and health care in general, and high job satisfaction was related to fewer specific work stressors and more positive attitudes about health care. Several methodological limitations necessitates caution in interpreting the findings. Nevertheless, the results may have some implications for future health care policies and procedures.

Burnout, Professional↗
PubMed1991

Work experiences of minority managers and professionals: individual and organizational costs of perceived bias.

The present study examined the relations of the way minority managers and professionals described their treatment within their organizations, and their organizations' acceptance and openness to minorities within measures of satisfaction, commitment, skill utilization, and integration. Data were collected from 81 minority managers and professionals in early career stages using questionnaires completed anonymously. Minority managers experiencing more positive treatment in their organization, and employed in organizations more accepting of minorities, were more satisfied, committed, and integrated.

Achievement↗
PubMed1990

Golembiewski's phase model of psychological burnout: some issues.

The present investigation examined three issues relevant to Golembiewski's phase model of psychological burnout. These were use of the mean versus median in creating high and low subgroups on Maslach Burnout Inventory subscales, use of different item structures on Maslach subscales, and different sequences of Maslach subscales proposed by Golembiewski and Maslach in the development of psychological burnout. Use of mean versus median, or different item structures on Maslach subscales, made relatively little difference. Golembiewski's ordering of the subscales, compared to Maslach's, produced a more linear progression over the 8 phases, as well as on three antecedents and consequences, but both sequences were related to these three variables in an almost identical fashion.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Effects of physical environment and technological stressors among stock brokers: a preliminary investigation.

This investigation examined the relationship of physical environment and technology-based work stressors to job satisfaction and self-reported health of professionals in the securities industry. Data were collected from 73 stockbrokers using questionnaires. Four work stressors were considered: Physical work environment, Air quality, VDT screen problems, and Equipment breakdowns. In general, stockbrokers reporting more stressors from physical environment and technological work also reported less satisfaction and poorer emotional well-being.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Sources of satisfaction and stress among Canadian physicians.

This study examined major sources of stress identified by Canadian physicians and explored potential antecedents and consequences of self-reported stress. Data were collected from 2087 physicians using anonymously completed questionnaires. Of the sample 38% described medical practice as very or extremely stressful. Major sources of stress involved difficulties with patients and concerns about work-overload. Physicians reporting greater stress were less satisfied with the practice of medicine, had more negative attitudes about the quality of hospital and medical care, held more militant views and responses toward government, and saw physicians losing ground economically compared to other professions.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Sex differences in psychological burnout in teachers.

Sex differences in levels of experienced psychological burnout, and in antecedents and consequences, were examined among teachers and department heads. Male teachers reported greater burnout and less job satisfaction than did female teachers. Although male department heads scored significantly higher on psychological burnout, there were no sex differences on measures of satisfaction and emotional well-being. The findings are explained in terms of sex differences in levels of social support.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Beliefs and fears underlying type A behavior: correlates of time urgency and hostility.

Price (1980, 1983) has proposed that Type A behavior allows individuals to cope with fears and anxieties engendered by beliefs about their environment they develop through socialization. The present investigation tested her cognitive social learning model of Type A behavior by developing measures of beliefs and fears and validating them against Type A measures. Data was provided by 137 male and female university students of administration who completed questionnaires. Three beliefs and four fears were assessed along with four aspects of Type A behavior. Measures of beliefs and fears were moderately correlated with measures of time urgency and hostility, particularly among women. Younger men and women reported stronger beliefs and fears.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Beliefs and fears underlying type A behavior: what makes Sammy run--so fast and aggressively?

Price has proposed that Type A behavior allows individuals to cope with fears and anxieties engendered by beliefs they develop about their environment through socialization. Three investigations tested her cognitive social learning model of Type A behavior by developing measures of beliefs and fears, and validating them against a standardized Type A measure, the Jenkins Activity Survey (two studies), and measures of Time Urgency, Hostility, Time for Reverie and Self-Centeredness (one study). Respondents provided data by completing questionnaires. Three beliefs and four fears were assessed. Findings indicated that the measures of beliefs and fears had desirable psychometric properties and produced modest relationships with the JAS, Time Urgency and Hostility. Future research directions and practical implications are offered.

Adult↗