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R J Calsyn

Publications and source records attributed to R J Calsyn.

33 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Predictors of receipt of aftercare and recidivism among persons with severe mental illness: a review.

OBJECTIVE: This paper provides a comprehensive review of research predicting receipt of aftercare and recidivism (rehospitalization) among individuals with severe and persistent mental illness. METHODS: English-language studies were identified by searching PsycLIT from January 1974, the year of a previous comprehensive review of the literature on recidivism, to March 1994. A heuristic model was used to classify predictor variables into three categories: client vulnerability, community support, and system responsiveness. RESULTS: In general, variables related to system responsiveness were more consistent predictors of receipt of aftercare than variables related to either client vulnerability or community support. Community support variables were more consistent predictors of recidivism than variables in any of the other categories. Assertive community treatment and receipt of aftercare-both system responsiveness variables-were also associated with lower rates of rehospitalization. CONCLUSIONS: Conclusions based on past research should be regarded as tentative, because of several methodological and theoretical weaknesses. Multivariate statistics have rarely been used, many of the studies are based on nonrepresentative samples, and interactions between client-level variables and system responsiveness variables have rarely been studied. Much of the research has relied on archival data, and choice of variables has thus often been guided more by the data available than by theory.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Helping homeless mentally ill people: what variables mediate and moderate program effects?

This process evaluation study examined what variables moderate and mediate treatment effects on days in stable housing and client satisfaction for homeless mentally ill clients. In general, demographic characteristics did not moderate either outcome variable. Housing contacts, entitlement contacts, mental health contacts, and supportive services were significant mediators of the treatment effect on days in stable housing. Program contacts, mental health contacts, and supportive services were significant mediators of client satisfaction.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Predicting psychiatric symptoms among homeless people.

Multiple regression was used to predict psychiatric symptoms among homeless people. The following variables were significant predictors of psychiatric symptoms: current life satisfaction, previous psychiatric hospitalization, the number of stressful life events, social support, problem drinking, and childhood unhappiness. The results are discussed in terms of their policy and practice implications, particularly the need for crisis intervention services and for dual-diagnosed clients.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1992

Acquiescence in needs assessment studies of the elderly.

This study demonstrated that acquiescence response set can inflate estimates of agency awareness in needs assessment studies of the elderly. However, acquiescence does not appear to inflate estimates of service utilization of service need. Contrary to past survey research, less educated respondents were no more likely to exhibit acquiescence than better educated respondents. Similarly, the hypothesis that African-Americans would display more acquiescence than Caucasians received only minimal support.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Experimental comparison of the effects of three treatment programs for homeless mentally ill people.

A longitudinal experimental design was used to compare the effectiveness of three community-based treatment programs serving homeless mentally ill people: traditional outpatient treatment offered by a mental health clinic, a daytime drop-in center, and a continuous treatment team program that included assertive outreach, a high staff-to-client ratio, and intensive case management. At 12-month follow-up, clients in all three treatment programs spent fewer days per month homeless, showed fewer psychiatric symptoms, and had increased income, interpersonal adjustment, and self-esteem. Clients in the continuous treatment program had more contact with their treatment program, were more satisfied with their program, spent fewer days homeless, and used more community services and resources than clients in the other two programs.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1991

Correlates of problem drinking among homeless men.

Multiple regression analysis was used to identify correlates of problem drinking among 165 homeless men in St. Louis, Missouri. Variables that were the strongest predictors of alcoholism included number of stressful events before becoming homeless, age, current life satisfaction, psychopathology, and prior mental hospitalization. The full-scale model predicting problem drinking produced a total explained variance (R2) of .38. In contrast with findings from previous research on the homeless, the length of time homeless and the degree of transience were not predictive of alcoholism. Similarly, social support had no impact on problem drinking.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1991

A comparison of taxonomic systems for classifying homeless men.

The present study compared the relative merits of two taxonomic systems for classifying homeless men. One system classified homeless men based on their past history of psychiatric disability. The other system classified individuals on the basis of their current psychiatric impairment. Both classification systems displayed significant discriminating power using a set of predictor variables that included demographic variables, childhood happiness, current life satisfaction, social support, stressful life events, and history of homelessness. Based on the percentage of correct classifications the system based on current impairment was superior to the system based on past history.

Demography↗
PubMed1990

Homeless men and women: commonalities and a service gender gap.

Gender differences among homeless persons on a host of variables were examined. A stratified random sample of 248 homeless persons staying in shelters in St. Louis provided data for the study. More similarities than differences between men and women were found. However, men tended to be homeless for longer periods and were more likely than women to sleep on the streets. Men were also more likely than women to have a drinking problem and to have been convicted of a crime. Men were less likely than women to ever have been married and to be caring for dependent children. The most striking gender differences occurred on service utilization variables; women were much more likely than men to have received social services. Comparison of our data with previous studies and potential explanations for the gender gap in service utilization are offered.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The relationship of social support to psychological adjustment in end-stage renal disease patients.

The present study examined the social support system of patients suffering from end stage renal disease. Patients reported receiving considerable support from family, friends, and the medical treatment staff. Patients reported receiving considerably less support from voluntary associations (including religion) and leisure activities. This study also tested the proposition that social support lessens the impact of the stress of kidney disease. Multiple regression analysis indicated that social support variables increased the prediction (i.e. beyond the variance explained by demographic variables) of psychological adjustment. The hypothesis derived from crisis theory that social support would be more predictive of psychological adjustments in patients who recently became ill than in patients who had been ill longer was also supported.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1978

Do we really want a program evaluation strategy based solely on individualized goals? A critique of goal attainment scaling.

Goal attainment scaling is a program evaluation technique that measures program success using individualized client goals rather than the same measuring instrument for all clients. Although the reliability of the goal attainment scales is generally acceptable, such scales have not exhibited satisfactory validity. Also when clients have not been assigned to programs randomly, evaluations comparing two or more programs using goal attainment scales are potentially more biased than evaluations that use the same outcome measure for all clients. Thus since goal attainment scaling does have therapeutic value, program evaluators should adopt a multivariate assessment strategy combining goal attainment scaling with uniform measuring instruments.

Community Mental Health Services↗
PubMed1977

Correlates of successful outcome in crisis intervention therapy.

The present study examines the correlates of successful outcome (subsequent inpatient or outpatient treatment) of 305 outpatient cases treated by crisis intervention therapy. Although the two measures of outcome were correlated with each, the respective relationships with the predictor variables were sometimes different. Demographic variables and therapist's characteristics were not correlated with either outcome measures. Past responses to stress (prior state hospitalization and suicidal behavior) were predictors of subsequent inpatient treatment, but not subsequent outpatient treatment. On the other hand, current precipitating events did not predict inpatient treatment, but did predict subsequent outpatient treatment. Several statistically nonsignificant relationships which either replicate or disagree with previous findings are also discussed.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gender differences in the receipt of aftercare and psychiatric hospitalization among adults with severe mental illness.

Gender differences in receiving aftercare and being hospitalized for persons with severe mental illness were examined. For women, unique predictors for receiving aftercare were primarily treatment system responsiveness variables. For men, unique predictors of aftercare were from all categories and included being accompanied to the psychiatric emergency room (PER) by family or friends and having previous psychiatric admissions. More recent outpatient treatment and a greater number of previous admissions predicted hospitalization for both men and women. Receiving less intense aftercare predicted hospitalization for women but not men. Unique predictors of hospitalization for men were a higher level of education and a psychotic disorder diagnosis.

Adult↗