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Biomedical subjects

R J Cersosimo

Publications and source records attributed to R J Cersosimo.

26 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Pharmacology, clinical efficacy and adverse effects of vindesine sulfate, a new vinca alkaloid.

Vindesine is a new vinca alkaloid antineoplastic agent derived from vinblastine. However, its antineoplastic spectrum more closely resembles that of vincristine. Clinical studies indicate activity against acute leukemia, lung cancer, carcinoma of the breast, squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus and head and neck, Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Pharmacokinetic studies indicate that vindesine exhibits a triphasic elimination pattern with a terminal half-life of 24.2 hours. Elimination is primarily through hepatic metabolism. The major side effects associated with vindesine therapy are myelosuppression and neurotoxicity. Other side effects include alopecia, nausea and vomiting and local tissue irritation associated with extravasation. Vindesine will be a positive addition to the antineoplastic armamentarium. The full extent of its activity remains to be established.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A prospective randomized trial of combination vindesine and cisplatin versus single-agent vindesine in advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Antineoplastic agents, used alone or in combination, are capable of achieving objective remissions in advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer. Response rates have been modest, however, and responses are generally not durable. Furthermore, the toxicity of some regimens has been substantial, creating a narrow therapeutic ratio and a questionable impact on survival. The addition of cisplatin (DDP) to cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin (Adriamycin) resulted in major response rates that were superior to those obtained with cyclophosphamide or doxorubicin used alone or in combination. Vindesine (DVA) was evaluated in several phase II trials that demonstrated reproducible limited antitumor activity in nonsmall cell lung cancer. Gralla et al combined DVA with DDP in regimens of varying DDP dosage and noted a response rate of about 43%.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Adrenal corticosteroids as antiemetics during cancer chemotherapy.

Adrenal corticosteroids were first reported in 1979 to have antiemetic effects during cancer chemotherapy. Since then considerable numbers of trials have been conducted to evaluate their activity alone and in combination with other agents. The majority of the research has centered on dexamethasone, although other corticosteroids have been studied. Dexamethasone as a single agent is superior to placebo and appears to be more effective than standard doses of prochlorperazine when administered with highly emetic agents. Dexamethasone is comparable to metoclopramide against moderately emetogenic agents and low-dose cisplatin, but less effective than metoclopramide against highly emetic agents or high-dose cisplatin. Dexamethasone improves the activity of prochlorperazine and metoclopramide and may reduce some of the side effects associated with the latter. Current trials continue to explore the role of corticosteroids alone and in combination with antiemetics.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Acute pneumonitis associated with MOPP chemotherapy of Hodgkin's disease.

A case of a 69-year-old man admitted with procarbazine pneumonitis and a review of the literature are presented. The patient completed a second course of MOPP chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease three days before admission. He presented with a recent onset of fever, chills, anorexia, and malaise. Chest radiography indicated diffuse bilateral interstitial pneumonitis, and pulmonary function studies revealed restrictive lung disease. Attempts to identify an infectious etiology, including open lung biopsy, were negative, and empirical antibiotic therapy was ineffective. The diagnosis was drug-induced hypersensitivity reaction, most likely due to procarbazine. Corticosteroid therapy was instituted with gradual improvement. Six other cases of pneumonitis associated with procarbazine therapy are briefly reviewed, and the use of pulmonary function tests to identify the type and degree of injury and monitor therapy is discussed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hepatotoxicity associated with choline magnesium trisalicylate: case report and review of salicylate-induced hepatotoxicity.

A case of a 21-year-old woman who had developed mild hepatotoxicity while receiving choline magnesium trisalicylate therapy is described. She presented with fever and mild hepatic enzyme elevations before salicylate therapy was instituted. Liver function tests (LFT) returned to normal within five days of hospitalization but she continued to develop daily fevers. Blood, urine, and throat cultures were negative. An acute viral illness or reactivation of systemic lupus erythematosus were the suspected diagnoses. Choline magnesium trisalicylate was then administered in an effort to control her fever, and was successful. After three days of salicylate therapy her LFT values began to rise. They continued to rise for five more days before salicylate hepatotoxicity was suspected. Choline magnesium trisalicylate was discontinued after eight days and the patient's LFT quickly returned to normal. The source of fever was never identified, although infection with cytomegalovirus was considered the most likely cause. Salicylate-induced hepatotoxicity is reviewed.

Adult↗