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Biomedical subjects

R J Coleman

Publications and source records attributed to R J Coleman.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Abdominal wall weakness due to thoracic syringomyelia.

We describe a patient who presented with unilateral abdominal herniation due to weakness of abdominal musculature, associated with extensive syringomyelia. Electromyographic evidence of focal denervation and reinnervation was present in the weak muscles consistent with anterior horn cell loss. We compare these unusual clinical features with the more typical presentations of syringomyelia and with other neurologic causes of abdominal weakness.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1990

Nasogastric and intravenous infusions of (+)-4-propyl-9-hydroxynaphthoxazine (PHNO) in Parkinson's disease.

(+)-4-propyl-9-hydroxynaphthoxazine (PHNO) is a new dopamine agonist which is capable of producing a sustained response in parkinsonian patients with "on-off" fluctuations when given as a continuous infusion either nasogastrically or intravenously. These data suggest that a sustained release formulation of PHNO may provide a significant, new treatment for patients with "on-off" fluctuations.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Cerebellar syndrome with hydrocephalus due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.

A 27 year old woman developed a cerebellar syndrome with serological evidence of recent Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. The cranial computed tomographic scan showed effacement of the fourth ventricle, enhancement of the basal meninges and hydrocephalus affecting the lateral and third ventricles. Clinical and radiological recovery occurred over 5 weeks. We propose that this was a manifestation of immune-mediated encephalomyelitis induced by the infection rather than direct invasion of the central nervous system.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The antiparkinsonian actions and pharmacokinetics of transdermal (+)-4-propyl-9-hydroxynaphthoxazine (+PHNO): preliminary results.

(+)-4-Propyl-9-hydroxynaphthoxazine (+PHNO) is a potent dopamine agonist that has been administered transdermally to four patients with Parkinson's disease and "on-off" fluctuations. Skin patches of increasing size were used to treat these patients, who also received infrequent doses of oral levodopa if required. The effect of +PHNO was measured as an increased duration of action of individual levodopa doses. The clinical effect measured in this way was directly proportional to the plasma concentrations of +PHNO achieved. The plasma concentrations of +PHNO began to rise 4-6 h after patch application and reached a steady state by 24 h. The final plasma concentration of +PHNO was proportional to the area of skin covered.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1988

The diverse neurological features of Niemann-Pick disease type C: a report of two cases.

Two cases of Niemann-Pick disease type C are described in order to illustrate the variable neurological features of this rare condition. One presented with a predominantly akinetic-rigid syndrome at the age of 5 years. The second developed progressive ataxia, accompanied by a vertical gaze palsy, when she was 13. Neither patient had hepatosplenomegaly; the diagnosis of Niemann-Pick disease type C was based on finding foamy storage cells in bone marrow aspirates.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Role of antibiotic prophylaxis in surgery for nonperforated appendicitis.

This report examines the efficacy of preoperative antibiotics in cases of nonperforated appendicitis. The charts of 61 patients who had an operative and pathologic diagnosis of acute nonperforated appendicitis were reviewed. Thirty-one patients received preoperative cephalosporins, and in one patient (3.2%) a subsequent wound infection developed. Of 30 patients who did not receive preoperative antibiotics, four (13.2%) patients developed septic complications. The difference in postoperative septic complications between these groups is not statistically significant (P = .3310). Preoperative prophylaxis with cephalosporins in cases of nonperforated appendicitis is not indicated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

CSF vasopressin rhythm is effectively insulated from osmotic regulation of plasma vasopressin.

By using our method for continuous removal of cisternal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and intermittent sampling of blood from unanesthetized freely moving cats, we investigated the effect of osmotic-induced changes in plasma vasopressin on the daily rhythm of CSF vasopressin. Examination of the daily profiles of vasopressin and osmolality in the CSF and plasma of six euhydrated animals showed that CSF vasopressin concentrations exhibit a clear daily rhythm, whereas CSF osmolality and plasma vasopressin and osmolality do not exhibit such daily variation. A 48-h period of water deprivation caused marked sustained elevations in plasma vasopressin concentrations, which returned to basal levels on rehydration. In contrast, water deprivation had only a small effect on the CSF vasopressin rhythm. Although there was a significant elevation of the normally low nighttime CSF vasopressin levels during water deprivation in three of the four animals studied, high daytime vasopressin levels were unaltered and the daily rhythm was clearly evident before, during, and after the period of water removal in all animals. Changes between plasma vasopressin and osmolality were significantly correlated in all animals. Changes between plasma and CSF osmolality were significantly correlated in three of the four animals. The data indicate that the circadian regulation of the CSF vasopressin rhythm is effectively insulated from the osmotic regulation of plasma vasopressin.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Current drug therapy for Parkinson's disease. A review.

The impact of neuropharmacology has been greatest in 2 areas of clinical treatment: epilepsy and Parkinson's disease. This article covers the drug treatment of Parkinson's disease, a condition which characteristically affects the elderly population. The 5 drugs or groups of drugs used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease are: (a) anticholinergic drugs; (b) amantadine; (c) levodopa plus a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor; (d) dopamine agonists; and (e) selegiline. Levodopa is still the most effective anti-Parkinsonian drug for most patients and is often combined with selegiline which may retard the rate of disease progression. The early use of dopamine agonists (such as bromocriptine) may prevent the subsequent development of response fluctuations. Once fluctuations have developed, they may be helped by the use of slow release levodopa preparations and, in the most severe cases, subcutaneous apomorphine.

Humans↗