Infertility: the patient's first approach to the medical profession.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
R J Edelmann
Publications and source records attributed to R J Edelmann.
Reactions to anger and anxiety-provoking events: psychopathic and nonpsychopathic groups compared.
A psychopathic offender group (N = 17) and a nonpsychopathic, non-offender control group (N = 15) were presented with descriptions of anxiety and anger-provoking situations (derived from a pilot study) together with a series of questions designed to evaluate their cognitive appraisal and anticipated reactions of self and other to the situation. The psychopathic group rated the anxiety situations as more anxiety-, fear-, and threat-inducing than did the control group, while the reverse was true for the anger situations. Both sets of scenarios were seen as more anger-inducing by the psychopathic group. There was little difference between the groups in anticipated reactions of self and others. Implications of the results for cognitive interventions aimed at anger management are discussed.
Adaptation, Psychological↗
Psychological aspects of infertility.
It has often been claimed that psychological problems accompany infertility among some couples attending infertility clinics. Some authors have suggested that psychological factors may be a primary cause of infertility, others have suggested that the state of infertility itself can provoke psychological symptoms. The importance of psychological counselling for involuntarily childless couples has also been noted. This paper, which reviews studies that have attempted to investigate psychological aspects of infertility, is organized around three issues: psychological factors as a cause of infertility, the impact of infertility on psychological functioning, coping with infertility and the counselling needs of the infertile couple. While there seems little doubt that infertility has psychological consequences for some couples, many questions will remain unanswered unless carefully designed and conducted longitudinal studies are undertaken.
Adaptation, Psychological↗
Dealing with embarrassing events: socially anxious and non-socially anxious groups compared.
This study examined potential differences between a clinically socially anxious group and a non-socially anxious control group in dealing with embarrassing events. Six scenarios of embarrassing events each paired with a method of coping with that event were presented to the two groups of subjects. Both groups evaluated their confidence in their ability to deal with each situation, described how they might actually deal with them (prior to reading the given method) and rated how well others might deal with each episode. There was little difference between the two groups in self-reported techniques for dealing with each episode, but clinically socially anxious patients, when compared to non-socially anxious controls, underestimated parameters of their own performance and overestimated the ability of others to deal with embarrassment. The implications of these results for clinical intervention are discussed.
Adaptation, Psychological↗
The effects of caffeine on psychological functioning.
The past few years have witnessed a growing literature on the behavioural, cognitive and performance effects, both beneficial and hazardous, of caffeine ingestion. A brief overview of these studies is provided and methodological difficulties discussed. Disagreement over such factors as the quantity of caffeine required to produce deleterious effects, difficulties obtaining valid measures of caffeine intake from self-reports and differing interpretations of tolerance levels and absorption rates between studies, often prevent the derivation of meaningful results. The need for a rigorous, scientific appraisal of the effects of caffeine on psychological functioning is emphasised. This requires agreement about criteria referred to above, a more valid data base, and in some cases, the adoption of alternative methodology.
Behavior↗
Disablement and eye contact.
This study investigated the effect of height level and wheelchair presence on eye contact and interaction. Presence of a wheelchair increased eye contact to a standing colleague, possibly due to the wheelchair-confined individuals' perceived dependence on others.
Adult↗