Active-site variants of Streptomyces griseus protease B with peptide-ligation activity.
BACKGROUND: Peptide-ligating technologies facilitate a range of manipulations for the study of protein structure and function that are not possible using conventional genetic or mutagenic methods. To different extents, the currently available enzymatic and nonenzymatic methodologies are synthetically demanding, sequence-dependent and/or sensitive to denaturants. No single coupling method is universally applicable. Accordingly, new strategies for peptide ligation are sought. RESULTS: Site-specific variants (Ser195-->Gly, S195G, and Ser195-->Ala, S195A) of Streptomyces griseus protease B (SGPB) were generated that efficiently catalyze peptide ligation (i.e., aminolysis of ester-, thioester- and para-nitroanilide-activated peptides). The variants also showed reduced hydrolytic activity relative to the wild-type enzyme. The ratio of aminolysis to hydrolysis was greater for the S195A variant, which was also capable of catalyzing ligation in concentrations of urea as high as 2 M. CONCLUSIONS: Mutagenic substitution of the active-site serine residue of SGPB by either glycine or alanine has created a unique class of peptide-ligating catalysts that are useful for coupling relatively stable ester- and para-nitroanilide-activated substrates. Ligation proceeds through an acyl-enzyme intermediate involving His57. Serine to alanine mutations may provide a general strategy for converting proteases with chymotrypsin-like protein folds into peptide-coupling enzymes.