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Biomedical subjects

R J Elwood

Publications and source records attributed to R J Elwood.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1984

The influence of H2 receptor antagonists on the plasma concentrations of midazolam and temazepam.

This study shows that 1 day's treatment with cimetidine or ranitidine causes a raised relative systemic availability of orally administered midazolam (p less than 0.01), but pretreatment with a common emulsion antacid does not alter bioavailability. Temazepam bioavailability after oral administration is unchanged after either H2 receptor antagonist, or after the emulsion antacid. The difference in the systemic availability of the two benzodiazepines following pretreatment with either cimetidine or ranitidine may be explained by inhibition of the mixed function oxidase system in the liver. Drugs with a relatively high liver extraction ratio, such as midazolam, are likely to be affected to a greater extent than those with a low extraction ratio, such as temazepam. The clinical relevance of these findings is yet to be determined.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1983

Intramuscular and oral midazolam. Some factors influencing uptake.

Intramuscular midazolam is better absorbed than when given orally. Addition of hyaluronidase to the injection significantly increases uptake but causes a high incidence of pain at the injection site. Concurrent administration of oral midazolam and metoclopramide does not increase its uptake.

Absorption↗
PubMed1983

Ranitidine influences the uptake of oral midazolam.

In a randomised crossover study in volunteers plasma midazolam levels were estimated for 24 h following 15 mg by mouth, either preceded by no medication or following 24 h therapy with ranitidine. Administration of the H2-receptor blocker significantly increased bioavailability of the benzodiazepine and resulted in higher plasma levels for the first 6 h after taking midazolam. This was accompanied by a greater soporific effect.

Benzodiazepines↗
PubMed1983

Dose-finding and premedication studies with zopiclone.

The new non-benzodiazepine hypnotic, zopiclone, was investigated as a preanaesthetic medication in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in healthy patients scheduled for minor gynaecological surgery. Initially a dose-finding study was conducted in which zopiclone 3.75 mg, 7.5, and 11.25 mg was compared with diazepam 10 mg and placebo; 7.5 mg was established as the optimum dose of zopiclone. In the main study zopiclone 7.5 mg was comparable to diazepam 10 mg at 20, 40, and 60 min after administration and more efficacious at 90 min.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Dose-finding and premedication studies with zopiclone.

The new non-benzodiazepine hypnotic, zopiclone, was investigated as a preanaesthetic medication in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in healthy patients scheduled for minor gynaecological surgery. Initially a dose-finding study was conducted in which zopiclone 3.75 mg, 7.5, and 11.25 mg was compared with diazepam 10 mg and placebo; 7.5 mg was established as the optimum dose of zopiclone. In the main study zopiclone 7.5 mg was comparable to diazepam 10 mg at 20, 40, and 60 min after administration and more efficacious at 90 min.

Adult↗