Determination of the surface area of a fish.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
R J Fryer
Publications and source records attributed to R J Fryer.
The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and geochemical biomarker composition of sediments from sea lochs on the west coast of Scotland.
Sediments from twelve sea lochs on the west coast of Scotland were analysed for parent and branched 2- to 6-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), n-alkanes and geochemical biomarkers (triterpanes). Where possible at least fourteen sediment samples were collected at random from each sea loch. All sea lochs were remote, most had limited industrial and urban inputs, although all had fish farms. Four lochs had moderate total PAH concentrations and eight lochs had high total PAH concentrations. Total PAH concentration was related to organic carbon content and particle size distribution, with sandier sediments having lower PAH concentrations. The highest total PAH concentrations, normalised for organic carbon, were in Loch Linnhe and Ballachulish Bay (Loch Leven), close to an aluminium smelter. PAH concentration ratios showed that pyrolysis was the main source of PAHs in most lochs. Only sediments from Loch Clash showed evidence of petrogenic input based on their geochemical biomarker (triterpane and sterane) and n-alkane profiles. PAH profiles were similar across lochs apart from Loch Linnhe and Ballachulish Bay, which had a greater proportion of heavy parent PAHs. West coast sediments had a smaller proportion of heavy PAHs than sediments collected from voes in Shetland and a smaller proportion of alkylated PAHs relative to sediments collected from coastal waters around Orkney.
Environmental Monitoring↗
The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and geochemical biomarker composition of sediments from voes and coastal areas in the Shetland and Orkney Islands.
Marine sediments from coastal areas and voes in the Shetland and Orkney Islands were analysed for parent and branched 2- to 6-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and geochemical biomarkers. Where possible 14 sediment samples were collected at random from each of 17 Shetland and 9 Orkney sites. The wide range of total PAH concentrations in sediments (i.e., < LOD up to 22619 ng g(-1) dry weight) was indicative of a variety of anthropogenic activities and different sediment types associated with the specific locations. Low PAH concentrations were determined in sandy sediments from areas of limited boat activity. The highest PAH concentrations were found in muddy sediment close to a boat repair yard. PAH concentration ratios were consistent with the main source of these compounds, in most areas, being pyrolysis. Geochemical biomarker (triterpane and sterane) profiles from the sediment were indicative, for some areas, of limited petrogenic input. Punds Voe was the only voe to show evidence of North Sea oil. PAH profiles were similar across sites within each island group, with any differences attributable to known local sources of PAHs. However, there was a clear difference in the PAH profiles of Shetland and Orkney sediments, with Orkney sediments having a higher proportion of the lighter alkylated PAHs.
Environmental Monitoring↗
Analysis of sediments from Shetland Island voes for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, steranes and triterpanes.
A few days after the grounding of the oil tanker Braer on 5 January 1993, an Exclusion Zone was designated by Order under the Food and Environment Protection Act 1985, prohibiting the harvesting of farmed or wild shellfish within the Zone to prevent contaminated products reaching the market place. The order was progressively lifted for species that were found to be free of petrogenic taint and for which the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) levels were within the range for reference samples. This Order, however, still remains in place for mussels (Mytilus edulis) as the PAH levels are higher than in reference mussels. To investigate the possible source of PAHs found in these mussels, sediments were collected from three reference and three Zone sites and their hydrocarbon compositions studied using the n-alkane composition and concentration, PAH composition and concentration and the sterane and triterpane composition. The reference site at Olna Firth was found to have the highest levels of 2-6-ring parent and branched PAHs, the highest concentration in one of the pooled sediments being 4,530 ng g(-1) dry weight. Values in the other two reference sites (Vaila Sound and Mangaster Voe) ranged from 248.7 to 902.2 ng g(-1) dry weight. PAH concentrations at the Zone sites (Sandsound Voe, Stromness Voe and Punds Voe) ranged from 641.0 to 2,766 ng g(-1) dry weight. The PAH data were normalised to the percentage of organic carbon and log-transformed prior to being analysed using principal component analysis. The mean total PAH concentrations for Zone sites were found not to be significantly different from the reference sites. The PAH concentration ratios were consistent with the main source of PAHs being pyrolysis. However, there was a petrogenic contribution, suggested by the presence of alkylated PAHs, with Punds Voe having the largest petrogenic hydrocarbon content. This was supported by the triterpane profiles and the presence of a UCM in the aliphatic chromatograms from Punds Voe sediments.
Animals↗
Visualization and model building in medical imaging.
We present technologies and ideas, developed from the JFIT 'Active Stereo Probe Project', which are applicable to problems within medical measurement and monitoring. Two related areas are considered. The first concerns patient body surface modelling. During the project two state-of-the-art non-contact surface measurement techniques have been developed which are applicable to medical situations requiring dense and accurate body surface modelling. Such applications include, for example, prosthetic appliance fabrication, presurgical planning and non-invasive deformity analysis. The second is concerned with overlay projection. Using this enabling technology the information content of a scene can be enhanced as an aid to medical personnel. Results and illustrative applications of the newly developed technology are presented.
Artificial Intelligence↗