Biomedical subjects
R J Garrison
Publications and source records attributed to R J Garrison.
ABO blood group and cardiovacular disease: the Framingham study.
Following determination of ABO blood type at the sixth biennial examination, the Framingham Heart Study cohort was followed for the occurrence of cardiovascular events for a period of 10 years. A significant association was found between blood type and intermittent claudication, with blood group O showing the lowest rates. Slight but non-significant excesses for certain other CHD events were also found in non-O individuals. Serum cholesterol showed marginally significant but consistent elevations in non-O subjects but the increased risk in non-O individuals was found to occur independently of the known intermittent claudication risk factors. Since the observed relationship between blood type and intermittent claudication occurs independently of the usual atherosclerotic risk factors, blood type, possibily through an effect on clotting, should be considered in the pathogenesis of intermittent claudication.
The National Heart Institute Twin Study.
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Joint distribution of lipoprotein cholesterol classes. The Framingham study.
During the period 1971 to 1975, the cholesterol content of lipoprotein density classes were measured in 2415 male and female Framingham Heart Study participants and 4342 of their offspring and offspring spouses who were free of coronary heart disease. In this first of three papers, the univariate and bivariate distributions of high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol are presented. There are differences in the levels of lipoprotein cholesterols by age, gender, and use of hormone preparations. The bivariate cross-tabulations of the three pairs of lipoprotein cholesterol measurements exhibit properties that cannot be appreciated from univariate summary statistics and suggest the importance of joint consideration of different lipoprotein cholesterol patterns for assessing the risk of coronary heart disease.
Factors associated with lipoprotein cholesterol levels. The Framingham study.
Lipoprotein cholesterol determinations in 6328 individuals aged 20 to 79 years in the Framingham Heart Study Cohort and Offspring were related by multiple regression analysis to reported cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, and Quetelet Index (wt/ht2). Cigarette smoking was found to be strongly associated with "atherogenic" lipoprotein cholesterol profiles in young adults, and particularly in women. The associations for alcohol intake were mostly uniform across age groups and lipoprotein cholesterol fractions, while coefficients for Quetelet Index varied considerably. Blood chemistry associations were studied in participants under 50 years, after controlling for smoking, Quetelet Index, and alcohol intake. Significant associations for high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were seen for both sexes with alkaline phosphatase, serum calcium, serum u ric acid, and leucocyte count. Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) associations were observed with calcium, hematocrit, lactate dehydrogenase, and leucocyte count in men and women, while very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) associations occurred with alkaline phosphatase, glucose, uric acid, and leucocyte count in both sexes. A 1 mg/dl higher calcium corresponded to an HDL-C approximately 4 mg/dl greater and a LDL-C typically 6 mg/dl greater after controlling for 12 other variables. A 1000/ml increase in leucocyte count was typically associated with a decrease in HDL-C by 1 mg/dl and an increase in LDL-C and VLDL-C of 1 mg/dl each.
Framingham Heart Study data on females using estrogen supplements.
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Twin heritability study of the corticosteroid response.
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Cigarette smoking as a confounder of the relationship between relative weight and long-term mortality. The Framingham Heart Study.
Cigarette smoking is a potential confounder of the relationship between obesity and mortality, and statistical control for this factor requires careful consideration. Framingham Heart Study subjects were weighed, their stature measured, and cigarette smoking histories obtained at the first biennial examination starting in 1949. Of men under desirable weight (Metropolitan relative weight [MRW], less than 100%), more than 80% were smokers, while only about 55% of the extremely overweight men were cigarette smokers. When age-, smoking-, and MRW-specific mortalities for 26 years of follow-up were calculated in these men, it was found that smokers had higher mortality than nonsmokers but that in the smokers and nonsmokers, minimum mortalities occurred for subjects who were initially in the "desirable weight" group (MRW, 100% to 109%). Among cigarette smokers, lean men (MRW, less than 100%) experienced considerably elevated mortality, often higher than that in all but the most overweight cigarette smokers. These findings suggest that elevated mortality in low-weight American men results from the mortality risks associated with cigarette smoking and demonstrates the need for controlling for cigarette smoking when considering the relationship between relative weight and mortality. Furthermore, the concept of "desirable weight" developed by the Metropolitan Life Insurance Co in 1959 and subsequently distributed in tabular form is validated by this long-term study. Thus, even those men who were near the average weight (about 20% above "desirable weight") showed appreciably elevated mortality. This finding is contrary to the widely held view that moderate overweight carries no increased risk.