Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to R J HERRNSTEIN.
Pigeons were trained to respond to the presence or absence of human beings in photographs. The precision of their performances and the ease with which the training was accomplished suggest greater powers of conceptualization than are ordinarily attributed to animals.
Four pigeons were trained to peck at either of two response-keys. Pecks at either key occasionally produced a secondary reinforcer, in the presence of which further pecks occasionally produced food, the primary reinforcer. All pigeons showed a consistent preference for variable (as compared to fixed) interval schedules of primary reinforcement.
Four pigeons were trained to peck at either of two response-keys. Pecking at either key occasionally produced a secondary reinforcer. Then, in the presence of the secondary reinforcer, further pecking occasionally produced the primary reinforcer, food. The relative rate at which each pigeon pecked to obtain a secondary reinforcer equalled the relative rate of primary reinforcement in its presence.
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Scopolamine hydrobromide disrupts the learned behavior of rats in a predictable manner. Physiological saline mimics to some extent the effect of the drug when the two substances are alternately administered in a series of injections. This placebo effect appears to be an instance of simple Pavlovian conditioning.
Two pigeons were trained to peck at a transilluminated disk. The training procedure caused the rate of pecking to increase as a function of the luminance of the disk. The results suggest that the relation between apparent magnitude of light and physical intensity is a power function.
Three pigeons were trained to peck at a horizontally oriented rubber srtip 10 in. long. The spatial distribution of responding along this strip is found to be nonrandom when every peck is reinforced with food. The degree of nonrandomness increases markedly when the pecking is intermittently reinforced
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