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R J Kellner

Publications and source records attributed to R J Kellner.

5 recordsLinked to original sources

[Allantoin excretion of wethers in variations of raw protein and energy administration].

216 values of urinary allantoin excretion were received from 8 digestibility trials, which included 48 rations with different protein and energy content. Thus relations between allantoin excretion and food intake and ration composition, respectively, could be evaluated. Additionally variations in N balance were measured, since there is a close relation to allantoin metabolism. Fecal N excretion was elevated with increasing energy intake, but varied only slightly with modified N supply. Urinary N excretion and also N retention increased with higher N intake. On the other hand urinary N losses were reduced with increasing energy supply and part of the saved nitrogen was deposed into the body. There was a distinct increase in allantoin excretion with raised protein intake, when N supply ranged generally low. But with a daily supply of crude protein above 60 to 70 g there was no significant further response in allantoin excretion. Allantoin excretion increased linearly with higher energy supply. Several restrictions for conclusions on the extent of microbial protein production in the digestive tract estimated out of measured allantoin values were discussed.

Allantoin

[Estimation of the net energy using volatile acids produced in the process of in-vitro digestion with ruminal fluid].

47 types of green feeds and roughages were subjected to an in-vitro fermentation with dilute ruminal fluid. The volatile fatty acids produced in this process were determined quantitatively in accordance with the method of digestibility estimation proposed by Tilley and Terry (1963). An average of 5 Mol FFS (FFS=volatile fatty acids) was found per kg of dried feed, a value is also reported in the literature. The ratios of acetate to propionate to n-butyrate to iso-butyrate to n-valerianate were 64.2 : 25.4 : 6.6 : 0.8 : 1.5 : 1.5. In this ratio, propionic acid predominated so that acetic acid and n-butyric acid were misrepresented compared with the data of in-vivo measurements made for the corresponding foodstuffs. Consequently, it is only within certain limits that values of FFS concentrations obtained in vitro may be used for estimating net energy data, disregardful of the fact that the FFS are the main source of metabolizable energy in ruminants. The reliability index for an estimation of Starch Equivalents and NEFr based on the above-mentioned method was found to be considerable lower (0.71 and 0.80) than that based on in-vitro digestibility measurements (0.86).

Animal Feed

A comparative view on trace elements and growth.

The term 'essentiality' of trace elements is interpreted. The major human diseases due to trace element deficience (Fe, Cu, Zn, Cr) are briefly considered. In growing animals the first clinical deficiency symptom most often is a growth retardation. In order to diagnose a deficient situation before the manifestation of clinical symptoms, model studies with growing animals are presented to show criteria that respond sensitively even to suboptimum intake of trace elements (Zn, Cu, Fe, Ni). Activity measurements of enzymes and hormones are found suitable. During the phase of reproduction, which is closely associated with growth, the trace element concentration in milk may provide an additional diagnostic means. In conclusion, the problems of diagnosing the supply status are discussed. A possibility for determination of the trace element requirement is indicated.

Animals