Biomedical subjects

R J Moore

Publications and source records attributed to R J Moore.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMed1998

Non-invasive mapping of placental perfusion.

BACKGROUND: We aim to develop a clinical technique for the non-invasive measurement of placental perfusion, to enable early detection of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Pregnancies with this complication are characterised by low placental perfusion. METHODS: We measured placental perfusion by means of perfusion-sensitive echoplanar imaging (EPI); a rapid method of making magnetic resonance images. Perfusion measurements were done on six healthy volunteers with normal pregnancies and nine with pregnancies complicated by IUGR. Perfusion maps were created to assess the relation between placental perfusion and fetal size at birth. FINDINGS: Pregnancies complicated by IUGR differed significantly from normal pregnancies in patterns of perfusion within the placenta (p<0.0001, ANOVA). Subsequent analysis showed that the proportion of placentas with low perfusion rates was higher in the IUGR group than in the normal group. A significant correlation between areas of reduced placental perfusion and fetal size was demonstrated (p=0.041, Spearman's rank correlation). INTERPRETATION: Non-invasive imaging of placental perfusion by means of EPI has potential as a clinical tool in assessing the dynamics of placental perfusion.

Echo-Planar Imaging↗

PubMed1998

Detecting socially desirable responding with the Personality Assessment Inventory: the Positive Impression Management scale and the Defensiveness Index.

In order to assess the effectiveness of the validity scales from the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI; Morey, 1991), 111 Introductory Psychology students completed the Positive Impression Management scale (PIM) and the Defensiveness Index (DEF) from the PAI along with the Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding (BIDR; Paulhus, 1984) under two instructional sets: 'forthright" and "fake good." Both PAI measures of socially desirable responding were superior to the BIDR scales at identifying protocols written under the fake good instructions. Contrary to Morey (1991), the results from this study support the use of a raw score of 18 as the cut-off on the PIM scale rather than 23. Using 18 as the criterion, 85.1% of cases were correctly classified. A cut-off score for the DEF (5) was derived and tested. Using this criterion resulted in the correct classification of 83.3% cases. A discriminant function that incorporated both the PAI indices produced no substantial improvement in classification accuracy.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Effect of cocaine self-administration on striatal dopamine D1 receptors in rhesus monkeys.

An array of evidence indicates that long-term exposure to cocaine alters several components of the brain dopamine system. Because the release of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) has been implicated in mediating the reinforcing effects of cocaine, changes in dopamine function can have profound effects on drug-seeking and drug-taking behavior. The present study examined the effects of the chronic self-administration of cocaine on the D1 family of dopamine receptors in the rhesus monkey. The brains of three rhesus monkeys that had intravenously self-administered an average of 1.35 mg/kg cocaine per day for 18-22 months were compared to the brains of three cocaine-naive controls. The in vitro quantitative autoradiographic technique was used to quantify binding densities of the D1 ligand [3H]SCH-23390 on cryostat-cut sections of fresh frozen tissue. In animals that self-administered cocaine, the density of D1 binding was significantly lower in the regions of the striatum at the level where the nucleus accumbens is most fully developed. The shell of the NAc showed the largest difference with significantly lower D1 binding also detected in adjacent regions of the caudate nucleus and the putamen. No differences were found in the rostral pole of the NAc or the dorsal striatum at that level. These findings suggest that chronic self-administration of cocaine can modulate the density of dopamine D1 receptors in specific portions of the primate striatum. Such changes might underlie some of the behavioral consequences, like drug dependence and craving, of long-term cocaine use.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Effect of cocaine self-administration on dopamine D2 receptors in rhesus monkeys.

The present study used autoradiography to examine the effects of chronic self-administration of cocaine on the density of dopamine D2 receptors in nonhuman primates. Three rhesus monkeys intravenously self-administered an average of 1.35 mg/kg cocaine per day for 18-22 months until they were euthanized immediately after a self-administration session. Binding site density of the D2 ligand [3H]raclopride (2 nM) was assessed in these monkeys as well as three untreated controls, using quantitative in vitro receptor autoradiography. As compared to untreated controls, D2 binding site density was significantly lower in the animals that self-administered cocaine in all regions of the striatum rostral to the anterior commissure. These regions include the anterior and central regions of the caudate nucleus, putamen, olfactory tubercle, and both the shell and core of the nucleus accumbens. Within the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area, by contrast, no differences were found in the density of D2 binding sites. These findings suggest a pervasive effect of cocaine on the regulation of D2 receptors in the striatum. The lack of change within the ventral midbrain, however, suggests a differential regulation of D2 receptors in the striatum and ventral midbrain. This study confirms and extends our knowledge of the neurobiological changes in the mesolimbic dopamine system that result from chronic exposure to cocaine.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

In vivo perfusion measurements in the human placenta using echo planar imaging at 0.5 T.

This paper presents the first in vivo measurements of perfusion in the human placenta from 20 weeks gestational age until term, using the non-selective/selective inversion recovery echo-planar imaging sequence, in which data is alternately acquired following a selective and non-selective inversion pulse. Twenty pairs of images were collected, two each at the following inversion times: 20, 310, 610, 910, 1110, 1410, 1910, 2810, 3310, and 4510 ms with the sequence being repeated with a repetition time (TR) of 10 s. The results of these measurements were used to suggest the optimum sequence for future work in terms of the signal to noise ratio in the measured perfusion rate in a given measurement time. The sequence was also analyzed to determine the expected variability in the measurements. In normal pregnancies the average value of perfusion rate was found to be 176 (standard error = +/-24) ml/100 mg/min. (n = 16, standard deviation = 96 ml/100 mg/min). The expected variability in the measured parameters due to signal to noise ratio considerations alone was calculated to be 71%. For a maximum scanning time of 400 s, the optimum sequence for measuring placental perfusion was found to require 8 repetitions at each of 10 inversion times which were geometrically spaced (given by a(o), a(o)r, a(o)r2, a(o)r3, . . .), with a(o) = 850 ms, r = 1.073 and TR = 5 s, giving a pixel variability of 38%. Other timing schemes are recommended for measuring perfusion in other anatomical regions with different values of perfusion rate and longitudinal relaxation time.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Echo-planar imaging relaxometry to measure the viscosity of a model meal.

A method for measuring noninvasively the viscosity of a polysaccharide model meal using the known relationship between relaxation times and polysaccharide concentration in solution in vitro is presented. The aim is to develop a method for monitoring digesta viscosity in vivo, using EPI to capture the motion of the gastrointestinal lumen. The transverse relaxation rate T-12 of locust bean gum solutions was calibrated against the zero-shear viscosity at 37 degreesC. Differences in viscosity were distinguished significantly using T-12 measurements. T-12 and viscosity were insensitive to exposure to gastric juice and changes in pH, and the model meal was well received by volunteers and provided good contrast in vivo in EPI images. Therefore it would be possible to use this method to monitor the changes in meal viscosity within the gastric lumen in vivo.

Echo-Planar Imaging↗

PubMed1998

Prepubertal oophorectomy limits the accumulation of cancellous bone in the femur of growing rats with long-term effects on metaphyseal bone architecture.

Bone loss after oophorectomy of adult rats is more rapid and complete in the metaphysis than in the epiphysis of the femur, particularly in the proximal region of the metaphysis distant from the growth plate. This study was undertaken to determine the effects of prepubertal oophorectomy, on femoral cancellous bone acquisition during growth. Rats were oophorectomized (OVX) or sham operated at 3 weeks of age and killed at intervals up to 78 weeks for scanning electron microscopy and histomorphometry of the distal femur. Differences in cancellous bone architecture between the two groups was evident after 6 weeks of age. Relatively minor differences were found in the part of the metaphysis near the growth plate and in the epiphysis, with less trabeculae in the primary spongiosa and 1 to 2 less trabeculae/mm in the secondary spongiosa. However, as metaphyseal growth proceeded, trabeculae were present for a greater distance up the femoral shaft in controls than in OVX rats, with mean BV/TV in the proximal part of the metaphysis increasing from 1.4% at 6 weeks to 13.4% at 20 weeks in controls, with no increase in the OVX rats. We find that the lack of ovarian hormones increases the rate of destruction of trabeculae near the metaphyseal-diaphyseal junction.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition in degenerate lumbar discs.

Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystal deposition in lumbar intervertebral discs has been described, but its clinical significance remains unclear. The present study analyzed histological sections of lumbar discs that were obtained from patients undergoing anterior lumbar interbody fusion. Immunohistological staining was undertaken to identify neural elements and blood vessels. Patients with CPPD deposition were compared with a group without CPPD deposition undergoing the same operation. CPPD was found in 15.7% of investigated patients (12.6% of analyzed discs). Deposits were found in areas of the annulus and nucleus showing advanced degeneration. Two patterns were identified: one comprised sharply demarcated rounded deposits, while the other showed diffuse deposition of crystals. There was no association with ingrowth of vascular or neural tissue. Clinical data did not differ significantly in the two groups of patients. However, in all patients with CPPD deposition there was a history of trauma, previous surgery, or both. Isolated CPPD deposition in lumbar intervertebral discs appears to be an incidental finding that is not related to systemic diseases or general arthropathies.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

The relationship between height, shape and histological changes in early degeneration of the lower lumbar discs.

The influence of aging and early degenerative changes on intervertebral disc height is controversial. It has been claimed that with aging, narrowing of the disc is inevitable, but this is not confirmed by some published radiological investigations. The present study analysed the height and shape of intervertebral discs from subjects younger than 40 years, and correlated the findings with histological alterations, which were assessed using a grading system. Discs from the L4/5 level (n = 13) and the L5/S1 level (n = 10) were included. Degenerative changes tended to increase with age, specifically at the L4/5 level. There was a weak trend towards decreased disc height with increasing degenerative changes, but no significant correlation could be found. Disc shape was more convex in the frontal than the sagittal plane. It is concluded that early histological changes do not significantly influence intervertebral disc height. More pronounced loss of disc height may be seen in advanced degenerative changes or in elderly subjects.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

In vivo relaxation time measurements in the human placenta using echo planar imaging at 0.5 T.

This paper presents the first in vivo measurements of the nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation times T1 and T2 at 0.5 T in the human placenta from 20 weeks gestational age until term, in both normal and compromised pregnancies. T1 measurements were performed by using both an inversion recovery sequence and the Look-Locher echo planar imaging (EPI) sequence on a total of 41 women with normal pregnancies and 11 women with compromised pregnancies. T2 measurements were performed by using a spin-echo EPI sequence on 36 women with normal pregnancies and 14 women with compromised pregnancies. In normal pregnancies, both the T1 values measured with the inversion recovery sequence and the T2 values were found to decrease with gestational age, the linear regression results gave T1 = -9.1t + 1538 r2 = 0.23 p = 0.03. T2 = -4.0t + 338 r2=0.47 p =410(-6) where t is the gestational age in weeks, and T1 and T2 are the relaxation times in milliseconds. T1 values measured very rapidly with the Look-Locher EPI sequence, but, therefore, with a much lower signal-to-noise ratio, showed no significant trends. The T1 values measured in the abnormal group were significantly lower than those measured in the normal group. Four out of eight patients with compromised pregnancies had placental T1 values lying outside the 90% confidence limits for the normal population based about the regression line, significantly more than expected by chance (p = 0.005). Ten out of fourteen of the T2 measurements in the abnormal group were below the regression line established for the normal group, with 4 lying below the 90% confidence interval, although these trends were only just significant (p = 0.06 and p = 0.03).

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Analysis of alpha2u-globulin in rat urine and kidneys by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.

A quantitative method was developed for determination of alpha2u-globulin in urine and kidney samples collected from male rats using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-ESI/MS). Samples prepared from urine and kidney homogenates using size exclusion filters were subject to reversed-phase liquid chromatography and the effluent passed into an electrospray ionization source. Quantitative analysis using external standard calibration was based upon selected ion monitoring of protonated molecular ions by the mass spectrometer. Linear calibration curves were developed over the range of approximately 4. 6-370 microg of alpha2u-globulin/microL for spiked urine standards and over the range of approximately 4.6-550 microg of alpha2u-globulin/microL for spiked kidney standards. The precision (relative standard deviation) for repeated injection (using urine samples) and intra-assay precision (using both urine and kidney samples) were within +/-10.4% and +/-13.2%, respectively. Using spiked urine standards, inter-assay precision, intra-assay accuracy, and inter-assay accuracy were within +/-20%, +/-20%, and +/-15%, respectively. Using spiked kidney standards, intra-assay accuracy was within +/-15%. The limits of detection (LOD) for the determination of alpha2u-globulin in urine and kidney samples were approximately 0.41 pg/nL (1.0 fmol injected) and 25 pg/nL ( approximately 13 fmol injected), respectively. The limits of quantitation (LOQ) for determination of alpha2u-globulin in urine and kidney samples were calculated as 1.4 pg/nL (3.7 fmol injected) and 83 pg/nL (45 fmol injected), respectively. Applicability of the LC-ESI/MS method was demonstrated by determination of alpha2u-globulin in both urine and kidney samples collected from male Fischer 344/N rats dosed intravenously with cis-Decalin at concentrations of 0, 2.5, 5.0, 10, and 20 mg/kg. A dose-dependent relationship was found between the amount of cis-Decalin administered and alpha2u-globulin accumulation in kidney samples, whereas no significant change in the urinary levels of alpha2u-globulin occurred. These observations are consistent with excessive accumulation of alpha2u-globulin occurring in protein droplets in renal proximal tubule epithelial cells as a result of decreased catabolic activity due to formation of ligand-protein complexs with Decalin and its metabolite(s). This report demonstrates that LC-ESI/MS may be routinely applied for quantitative analysis of alpha2u-globulin in rat urine and kidney samples to address alpha2u-globulin accumulation and its role in the development of nephrotoxicity associated with chemical exposures.

Alpha-Globulins↗

PubMed1998

Renal and haemodynamic effects of amlodipine and nifedipine in hypertensive renal transplant recipients.

BACKGROUND: Immunosuppressive treatment with cyclosporin A (CsA) improves the survival of renal allografts, but is associated with renal vasoconstriction and hypertension. Previous reports suggest that the calcium-channel blockers nifedipine and amlodipine may improve graft function in CsA-treated patients. We have compared the effects of amlodipine (5-10 mg once daily) and nifedipine retard (10-40 mg twice daily) on renal function and blood pressure in renal transplant recipients treated with CsA. METHODS: This was a multicentre, two-way, crossover study in 27 evaluable hypertensive patients with renal insufficiency following renal transplantation, who were maintained on a stable dose of CsA. Patients received either amlodipine (5-10 mg once daily) or nifedipine retard (10-40 mg twice daily) for 8 weeks, and were then crossed over to the other treatment for a further 8 weeks. RESULTS: Trends were seen during amlodipine treatment towards larger improvements, in serum creatinine (by 8% of baseline on amlodipine vs 4% on nifedipine), lithium clearance (13% vs 2%), and glomerular filtration rate 11% vs 7%). Effective renal plasma flow was increased by 11% of baseline on nifedipine vs 9% on amlodipine. There were no significant differences between treatments. Amlodipine and nifedipine lowered systolic blood pressure to a similar extent (21 mmHg vs 15 mmHg respectively, P=0.25), but amlodipine was more effective than nifedipine in lowering diastolic blood pressure (13 mmHg vs 8 mmHg, P=0.006). Both treatments were well tolerated. CONCLUSION: Once-daily amlodipine is at least as effective as twice-daily nifedipine retard in controlling blood pressure and does not adversely affect graft function in hypertensive renal allograft recipients.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

Variation in the short-term changes in bone cell activity in three regions of the distal femur immediately following ovariectomy.

The effect of ovariectomy (OVX) on cancellous bone in the rat is not uniform at all sites of the skeleton. We report variation in the short-term effects of adult OVX in three regions of the distal femur: the diaphysis (DIA), the metaphysis (META), and the epiphysis (EPI). Cancellous bone parameters were estimated in the three separate zones of the femora and compared with changes in bone cell activity, as estimated by osteoclast surface (Oc.S) and bone formation rate (BFR). Changes were studied for 30 days in a series of rats either sham-operated (Sham) or ovariectomized (OVX) at 7 months of age. Oc.S and BFR were elevated following OVX in all regions. The time course for the OVX-induced changes differed between regions: DIA, both Oc.S and BFR were elevated at day 9; META, Oc.S was also elevated at day 9, while the rise in BFR was delayed until day 21; EPI, Oc.S remained stable but increased relative to ovary-intact rats by day 18 due to reduced levels in the latter, but BFR did not rise until day 28. These changes in bone cell activity following OVX produced a 71% reduction of cancellous bone in the DIA and a 35% reduction in the META. In contrast, no OVX-induced bone loss was observed in the EPI. This study shows that bone cell activity increases in each region of the distal femur within the first 30 days following OVX, independent of bone loss. However, the time course of increased bone cell activity is not uniform. These data highlight the role of local factors in the response to ovarian hormone deficiency.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

The pathologic effects of intrathecal betamethasone.

STUDY DESIGN: The histopathologic effects of the intrathecal injection of betamethasone (Celestone Chronodose; Schering Corporation, Kenilworth, New Jersey) were assessed after the injection of various volumes of the preparation in 20 sheep. OBJECTIVE: To assess the safety of Celestone Chronodose injected into the intrathecal space. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The safety and efficacy of epidural steroid have received considerable attention in the medical literature in recent years. In Australia, reports of possible adverse effects of Depo-Medrol (methylprednisolone), including the complication of arachnoiditis, have been followed by statements from the manufacturers of commonly used steroid preparations recommending they should not be administered epidurally. Previous evidence suggests that arachnoiditis does not result from epidural administration of steroids, but may develop from the intrathecal administration of Depo-Medrol. There are no reports concerning the safety of Celestone Chronodose (beta-methasone). METHODS: Twenty-three adult merino sheep had lumbar punctures performed at the L6-S1 level, and different volumes of Celestone Chronodose or normal saline were injected into the subarachnoid space. The animals were killed after 6 weeks, and the spinal cord, meninges, and nerve roots of the lumbar spine were examined for evidence of pathologic changes. RESULTS: There were no abnormalities demonstrated in three sheep injected with up to 18 ml of normal saline solution. Eleven sheep injected with 1 ml (5.7 mg) of Celestone Chronodose even when repeated at weekly intervals (five sheep, three injections) did not demonstrate pathologic changes. One of six sheep injected with 2 ml of Celestone Chronodose and all of three sheep injected with greater volumes showed histopathologic changes of arachnoiditis. CONCLUSIONS: Given that the volume of cerebrospinal fluid in the sheep is approximately one third of that in humans, this study suggests that small volumes (up to 2 ml) of Celestone Chronodose injected intrathecally in humans are unlikely to cause arachnoiditis, but that the risk of this complication increases substantially with higher doses.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Effects of food restriction in military training on T-lymphocyte responses.

In a stress model which included food restriction, we examined the effects of physically rigorous military training and increased caloric intake on T-lymphocyte responses and lymphocyte subsets. T-lymphocyte proliferation and release of soluble receptor for interleukin-2 (slL-2R) in vitro were measured in two separate training classes of male U.S. Army ranger course (RC) trainees at the start and during the RC. Trainees in group 1 (n = 55) and 2(n = 50), respectively, had mean (+/- SD) energy intakes of 11.8 +/- 7.0 and 13.6 +/- 6.7 MJ/d, averaged total daily energy expenditures of 16.7 and 17.6 MJ/d, and experienced body weight losses of 15.]% and 12.6%. Both groups showed decreases T-lymphocyte responses in vitro: proliferation to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and tetanus toxoid (TT), and released slL-2R to PHA. Group 2 with an intended 15% increase in energy during the RC over group 1 showed 22% and 26% less severe suppressions of T-lymphocyte proliferation and released slL-2R, respectively, in vitro. Group 2 also showed that short-term (9 days) removal of the food restriction stressor allowed for corrected body weight, total lymphocyte and T-lymphocyte subset counts but not suppressed T-lymphocyte responses in vitro. These results demonstrate that soldiers in physically rigorous military training are at risk of suppressed T-lymphocyte immunocompetence, and this is greater if they also experience inadequate energy intake.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

The origin and fate of herniated lumbar intervertebral disc tissue.

STUDY DESIGN: In a clinicopathologic study, disc tissue collected from surgery and from cadaveric spines was examined to test an hypothesis about the pathogenesis of herniation. OBJECTIVES: To determine the origin and fate of herniated lumbar intervertebral disc tissue. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Previous studies have ascribed herniated disc tissue to the nucleus, anulus, or endplate, or combinations of the three. One study describes it as newly synthesized fibrocartilage. Regardless of its origin, peripheral neovascularization of disc fragments has been described and may be related to pain symptoms. METHODS: Disc tissue was collected after extrusion and was examined histologically to determine its origin and fate. To test the hypothesis that sequestration results from migration of isolated, degenerate fragments of nucleus pulposus through preexisting tears in the anulus fibrosus, cadaveric lumbar disc were examined in detail. RESULTS: Ninety-eight percent of sequestrations contained some nuclear material indicating that nucleus pulposus is the principal substance extruded from the disc. None contained anulus alone. Although vascular repair was present in 89% of specimens, it did not correlate with several clinical parameters. CONCLUSIONS: The autopsy study confirmed the model of nuclear fragmentation, migration, and extrusion along radiating anular clefts. Neovascularization of extruded fragments bore no relationship with duration of sciatic pain symptoms or clinical outcome.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

Remodeling of vertebral bone after outer anular injury in sheep.

STUDY DESIGN: This study uses semiautomated histoquantitative techniques to analyze subchondral bone architecture in adult merino sheep up to 2 years after outer anular cuts were created in lumbar discs. OBJECTIVES: To describe morphometric changes to the adjacent vertebral bone structure in the lumbar spine, and to discuss these in relation to the pathology of other spinal components SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Disc degeneration has been observed in the sheep lumbar spine 4-6 months after surgery to the outer anulus, whereas biomechanical testing has shown earlier changes. METHODS: Lumber discs with adjacent subchondral trabecular bone were sectioned using standard histologic methods. An image-analyzing computer was used to measure morphometric indices of bone structure. RESULTS: Trabecular bone volume was elevated significantly by 2 months because of consolidation of existing trabeculae and formation of new elements. The changes were evident 2 years after surgery. CONCLUSION: Subchondral trabecular bone appears to be sensitive to changes in the disc after outer anular injury. There is evidence that these structural changes are influenced by changes in the biomechanical behavior of the incised disc.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

Increased bone resorption precedes increased bone formation in the ovariectomized rat.

This study describes an increase in biochemical and histomorphometric markers of bone resorption prior to increased bone formation and trabecular bone loss in the ovariectomized rat. Six-month-old, female Sprague Dawley rats were either sham operated or ovariectomized (Ovx) and killed at 0, 6, 9, 15, 18, 21, and 42 days postoperation when femora were collected and trabecular bone volume (BV/TV) was determined from von Kossa silver-stained sections using the Quantimet 520 image analysis system in the distal region. A number of these sections were also examined unstained for fluorochrome labels, and stained for acid phosphatase to detect osteoclast-like cells (ACP surface). At 18 days postoperation, lumbar vertebrae were examined. Blood and urine specimens were analyzed for bone-related biochemical variables. ACP surface was significantly greater in Ovx rats compared with sham at 6 days postoperation (mean ACP surface (%TS) +/- SEM: sham 36.4 +/- 1.9; Ovx 40.3 +/- 1.2, P < 0.05) as was urinary hydroxyproline excretion. Serum osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase activity were not elevated in Ovx rats compared with Sham until 9 days postoperation. Mineral apposition rate (MAR) was increased at 12 days after ovariectomy (mean MAR (microm/day) +/- SEM: sham 0.85 +/- 0.06; Ovx 1.23 +/- 0.06, P < 0.05). Trabecular bone volume (BV/TV) at a specific site in the metaphyseal-diaphyseal core area was significantly lower at 15 days postoperation (mean (%) +/- SEM: Sham 7.40 +/- 1.23, Ovx 4.25 0 0.65, P < 0.05). There was no difference in lumbar vertebral BV/TV between the two groups at 18 days postoperation, however, ACP surface was elevated in the Ovx rats (P < 0.05). A systemic increase in bone resorption at 6 days postovariectomy precedes increased formation whereas the length of time required for the dissolution of trabeculae postoperation is determined locally.

Animals↗