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Biomedical subjects

R J Nowinski

Publications and source records attributed to R J Nowinski.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Outcome of nonoperative management of full-thickness rotator cuff tears.

The study documented the functional outcome in a consecutive series of 46 patients from an individual practice meeting the inclusion criteria of (1) a full-thickness rotator cuff tear seen by ultrasonography, arthrogram, or magnetic resonance imaging, (2) absence of a Workers' Compensation claim or previous surgery, (3) followup of at least 1 year, and (4) election of nonoperative management by the patient. Twenty-six of the tears involved only the supraspinatus, two involved the supraspinatus and infraspinatus, and two involved the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and subscapularis (16 reports did not specify the size of the tear). Treatment consisted only of patient education and a home program of gentle stretching and strengthening. Patients completed the Simple Shoulder Test at the initial visit and sequentially at 6-month intervals thereafter. At an average followup of 2.5+/-1.6 years, 27 (59%) patients experienced improvement with nonoperative treatment, 14 (30%) patients experienced worsening, and five (11%) patients remained unchanged. The average number of Simple Shoulder Test functions the patients could perform initially was 5.6+/-3.2. At the latest followup, the average number of Simple Shoulder Test functions the patients could perform improved to 7.0 +/-3.8. The ability to sleep on the affected side and the ability to place the hand behind the head were significantly improved.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Dislocation of the knee with lateral dislocation of the patella. A report of four cases.

In a group of 25 patients with traumatic dislocation of the knee, four, all of whom had similar ligament and medial soft-tissue injuries, also had associated lateral patellar dislocation. In all four reconstruction was delayed because of their other serious injuries. Having encountered the combination of knee dislocation and lateral patellar dislocation in 16% of our patients, we believe that it may be less rare than is commonly believed. We think that it is important to maintain a high index of suspicion of possible patellar dislocation when medial structures have been severely damaged. Early recognition and immobilisation in extension can prevent fixed lateral dislocation of the patella.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Salmonella osteomyelitis secondary to iguana exposure.

Salmonella osteomyelitis is a rare condition that has been associated with patients having hemoglobinopathies or immunosuppression. Healthy patients with no underlying medical history have been known to have Salmonella osteomyelitis develop. Salmonella infection secondary to reptile exposure is an increasing condition in the United States. Several manifestations of salmonellosis have been described in the literature, but no cases of reptile associated bone or joint infections have been reported. The authors present a case of a 7-month-old girl who contracted Salmonella osteomyelitis of her proximal humerus with septic arthritis of the glenohumeral joint secondary to iguana exposure.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Comminuted fracture-dislocations of the elbow treated with an AO wrist fusion plate.

Comminuted fracture-dislocations of the elbow are complex injuries that can result in significant postoperative loss of motion. Rigid anatomic fixation with early range of motion is the required treatment. Because of the local anatomy of the proximal ulna, it often is difficult to achieve a rigid fixation construct. A fixation technique of a dorsally applied AO limited contact-dynamic compression wrist fusion plate contoured to fit the anatomy of the proximal ulna is presented. Advantages of the AO wrist fusion plate in comminuted olecranon fractures include the ease of contouring, a low profile, and the use of variable screw hole sizing to achieve stable fixation. The hybrid design allows for rigid 3.5-mm plate fixation distally while providing low profile 2.7-mm plate fixation over the subcutaneous olecranon. The technical and biomechanical features of this plate make it an ideal alternative for fixation of these complex injuries.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Hyphenated history: Osgood-Schlatter disease.

The language of orthopedics is rather interesting in that it often credits the original describers or those who popularized a disease process by attaching their names to the disease process in question. These so-called "eponyms" have become quite commonplace in our literature and offer important orthopedic historical insight. Often throughout history, the simultaneous discovery of a disorder is described by two independent researchers, resulting in a hyphenated eponym. Such is the case in the observations made by two physicians, Robert Bayley Osgood and Carl Schlatter, concerning overuse injuries of the tibial tubercle in adolescents. This disorder subsequently became known as "Osgood-Schlatter disease, and aspects of its hyphenated history are the focus of this paper.

Eponyms↗
PubMed1994

Characterization of platelet-activating factor synthesis in glomerular endothelial cell lines.

Platelet-activating factor synthesis in two transformed lines of glomerular endothelial cells was characterized and contrasted with platelet-activating factor production in macrovascular-derived endothelial cells as well as with glomerular cells of mesenchymal origin. Platelet-activating factor synthesis was assessed in intact cells and in cell-free preparations. Glomerular endothelial cells constitutively synthesize bio-active alkyl-PAF, and this basal activity can be chronically augmented by various inflammatory and thrombotic agents. In contrast, thrombin-mediated platelet-activating factor formation in bovine pulmonary aortic endothelial cells as well as in glomerular mesangial cells is acute and transient. The potential role of anti-inflammatory prostanoids to function as negative feedback modulators of thrombin- or endothelin-mediated platelet-activating factor synthesis was also investigated, as the synthesis of platelet-activating factor is often associated with the formation of these prostanoids. Indomethacin augmented receptor-mediated platelet-activating factor synthesis while prostanoids of the E and I series reduced agonist-stimulated PAF synthesis. In summary, the unique capacity of glomerular endothelial cells to respond to inflammatory stimuli with sustained platelet-activating factor synthesis is a clear indication of this cell's pivotal role in augmenting the inflammatory response in the limited environment of the glomerulus.

1-Alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine Esterase↗
PubMed1991

Cytokine- and LPS-induced synthesis of interleukin-8 from human mesangial cells.

The cytokine neutrophil-activating peptide-1/interleukin-8 (NAP/IL-8) activates neutrophils (PMN) and elicits selective diapedesis of PMN into the extracellular space. The glomerular mesangial cell (MC) is a specialized pericyte that controls glomerular filtration and synthesizes and responds to a variety of cytokines. Because of its location within the glomerulus, the MC is in a pivotal position to orchestrate events underlying immune injury. Since immune-injured glomeruli have been shown to produce NAP/IL-8 activity in vitro, we assessed whether lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- or cytokine-activated MC might be a source of this activity. Pure human MC, devoid of monocyte/macrophage and fibroblast contamination, were grown by explant from collagenase-treated glomeruli. Human recombinant interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha, 20 ng/ml), IL-1 beta (50 ng/ml), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF, 100 ng/ml) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10 micrograms/ml) stimulated release of a neutrophil chemotactic factor from cultured MC. Both concentrated (fivefold) and unconcentrated MC supernatants stimulated directed neutrophil migration under agarose at a level similar to that of the bacterial chemotactic factor, FMLP. In contrast, unstimulated MC-conditioned media and IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta. TNF and LPS in medium alone did not directly induce PMN migration. Molecular sizing studies using sequential membrane ultrafiltration identified significant TNF-stimulated, MC-derived chemotactic activity in the 3000 to 10000 kD fraction. An anti-NAP/IL-8 monoclonal antibody, 46E5, significantly inhibited PMN chemotaxis stimulated by TNF-stimulated, MC-conditioned media in a dose-dependent manner.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Cells, Cultured↗