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Biomedical subjects

R J Phillpotts

Publications and source records attributed to R J Phillpotts.

47 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Intranasal interferon as protection against experimental respiratory coronavirus infection in volunteers.

In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study, self-administered intranasal human interferon alpha A produced by recombinant DNA technology was given both before and after virus challenge with a respiratory coronavirus. The incidence of colds, the severity of symptoms and signs, and virus replication were all reduced in subjects receiving interferon as compared with those given placebo.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1982

Purified interferon as protection against rhinovirus infection.

In a double-blind placebo-controlled study a preparation of human leucocyte interferon purified by affinity chromatography using a monoclonal antibody and applied by repeated nasal sprays reduced the incidence and severity of colds in volunteers challenged with human rhinovirus 9. Although interferon itself caused some symptoms, these were minor compared with the clinical colds. Interferon activity was still detectable in nasal washings as long as 26 hours after the last dose in about half the volunteers on active treatment.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1980

A search for persistent virus infection in Crohn's disease.

Cell cultures derived from Crohn's disease and control tissues were subjected to a series of tests designed to detect persistent, non-cytocidal virus infection. No evidence for any such infection was found, and it is concluded that persistent viral infection of gut tissues is unlikely to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Virus isolation studies in Crohn's disease: a negative report.

Homogenates of gut and mesenteric lymph node tissue from patients with Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and control patients were tested for cytopathic effect (CPE) production in a series of cell lines including rabbit ileal and W138 cells. A CPE was produced in W138 cells by tissue homogenates from patients with Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and control patients. Evidence was obtained to suggest that this effect, although superficially similar to a viral CPE, was due to toxic protein constituents of inflamed tissue homogenate.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1977

Heterogeneity among strains of Mycoplasmatales virus-laidlawii 2.

Five isolates of Mycoplasmatales virus-laidlawii 2 (MV-L2) derived from bovine strains of Acholeplasma laidlawii were shown to differ in host range, plaque morphology and neutralization tests with MV-L2 antiserum. Cross-testing using virus resistant clones of A. laidlawii confirmed the heterogeneity of this group. Adaptation of viruses to sub-optimal host was demonstrated.

Acholeplasma laidlawii↗
PubMed1974

Susceptibility of the VERO line of African green monkey kidney cells to human enteroviruses.

The relative susceptibility of VERO cells and primary rhesus monkey kidney cells to 47 prototype strains of human enteroviruses is described. Of these strains, types 4, 14, 16, 17, 18, 21, 31 and 34 and Coxsackie virus A 9 failed to cause CPE in the VERO cells whilst only one, echovirus type 34, failed to cause CPE in the monkey kidney cells.A comparison is given of the efficiency of the two cell cultures for enterovirus isolation from clinical material. Results show that VERO cells are as useful as primary monkey kidney for the isolation of Coxsackie B viruses but less satisfactory for isolating echoviruses. They are satisfactory for the isolation of single types of poliovirus and appear to be more satisfactory than primary monkey kidney cells for the isolation of mixtures of polioviruses. The identification of enteroviruses by neutralization tests in VERO cells is successful.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The immune response to vaccinia virus is significantly reduced after scarification with TK- recombinants as compared to wild-type virus.

Although it is unlikely that large-scale vaccination against smallpox will ever be required again, it is conceivable that the need may arise to vaccinate against a human orthopoxvirus infection. A possible example could be the emergence of monkey poxvirus (MPV) as a significant human disease in Africa. Vaccinia virus (VV) recombinants, genetically modified to carry the immunogenic proteins of other pathogenic organisms, have potential use as vaccines against other diseases present in this region. The immune response to parental wild-type (wt) or recombinant VV was examined by binding and functional assays, relevant to protection: total IgG, IgG subclass profile, B5R gene product (gp42)-specific IgG, neutralizing antibodies and class 1-mediated cytotoxic lymphocyte activity. There was a substantial reduction in the immune response to VV after scarification with about 10(8) PFU of recombinant as compared to wt virus. These data suggest that to achieve the levels of immunity associated with protection against human orthopoxvirus infection, and to control a possible future outbreak of orthopoxvirus disease, the use of wt VV would be necessary.

Animals↗