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Biomedical subjects

R J Ruben

Publications and source records attributed to R J Ruben.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Voice, speech, and language habilitation in young children without laryngeal function.

We discuss aphonia in children, secondary to laryngeal obstruction, with regard to the development of a voice, speech, and language system that can be an effective and efficient means of communication while obstruction persists and a precursor to good voice and speech habits if and when the laryngeal function is reestablished. Several methods were considered. A technique of esophageal voice training for children was developed and implemented, which combined the aspects of normal language learning with the mechanical aspects of esophageal voice production. Results showed rapid learning in a 2 1/2-year-old child with severe juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis and normal speech and language at the age of 4 years when laryngeal function returned. A second technique, a communication board, was used with a 4-year-old child with total subglottic stenosis and brain damage.

Aphonia↗
PubMed1978

The fate mapping of the eleventh and twelfth day mouse otocyst: an in vitro study of the sites of origin of the embryonic inner ear sensory structures.

An experiment was undertaken to determine which sensory structures of the mouse embryo inner ear developed from what portion of the mouse otocyst. Otocysts of gestation days 10, 11, 12, and 13 were divided by surgical dissection into six anatomical groups: dorsal, ventral, anterior, posterior, medial and lateral halves. They were organ cultured separately. After a period of ten days, the explanted tissues were harvested and processed histologically for microscopic analysis. The surgical control specimens fixed at the time of explantation were composed of undifferentiated ectodermal cells for tissues of gestation days 10, 11, and 12. Otocysts of gestation days 11, and 12 showed, during the course of their subsequent growth, that the three semicircular ducts and their associated cristae developed from the dorsal and lateral halves. Only the anterior and posterior canals and cristae originated from the medial portion. The posterior half gave rise to the posterior crista and the anterior half provided for the development of the anterior and lateral cristae. The cochlear duct and its sensory epithelium developed in all the anatomical groups except the dorsal half. The utricle developed in the dorsal section of the middle third of the otocyst, while the utricular macula developed in the anterior half of the same section of the otocyst. The saccule and its macula differentiated from the ventral section of the middle third of the anterior half.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Serous otitis media associated with sensorineural hearing loss in children.

The effect of a conductive hearing loss secondary to serous otitis media in children with sensorineural hearing loss was seen to be an increase in threshold and in one case a decrease in speech discrimination. The diagnosis of the conductive component can be made by means of measurement of impedance, middle ear pressure, the recording of a tympanogram and otoscopy. It is likely that a conductive component can lead to delay in the diagnosis of an underlying sensorineural hearing loss in some children which could result in exacerbation of speech and language deficits. Correction of the conductive component can convert a profound hearing loss to a severe hearing loss, or a severe hearing loss to a moderate hearing loss, and it may also increase speech discrimination.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Radiation induced carcinoma of the temporal bone.

This report presents a case of squamous cell carcinoma of the temporal bone induced by high dose radiation therapy. Several important surgical techniques are stressed which serve to make this procedure far safer in the avoidance of catastrophic hemorrhage.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Patterns of anomalies in children with malformed ears.

Sixteen children with anomalies of the auricle and/or middle ear who presented malformations of the face, mouth, upper airway, spine, limbs, heart, gastrointestinal (GI), and/or genitourinary (GU) systems, were described. While clusters of anomalies suggested syndromes such as the oculo-auriculo-vertebral syndrome of Goldenhar, hamifacial microsomia, mandibulo-facial dysostosis (Treacher Collins syndrome), Pierre Robin, Klippel-Feil, Moebius, Duane, and/or VATER syndromes, many children did not fit what are usually considered even minimal criteria for these syndromes. Several children had malformations which fit the description of more than one syndrome. The importance of investigating the children for unsuspected anomalies, especially of the GU system, was emphasized. Life threatening problems in this group consisted of airway problems, congenital heart disease, and major anomalies of the GI and GU systems. Better management of sucking, swallowing and airway problems might have decreased the early morbidity and mortality (3/16) in this group. Children with multiple defacing anomalies may not be mentally retarded so that aggressive management of their visceral anomalies and hearing problems, and early educational intervention are mandatory. Delay in development may be due to hearing loss, vestibular impairment, ataxia, the consequences of early malnutrition, and multiple hospitalizations rather than to mental retardation. A pessimistic attitude in infancy is unwarranted since it is impossible to predict which children will end up competitive individuals.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1975

Distribution of microtubules and microfilaments in developing vestibular sensory epithelium of mouse otocysts grown in vitro.

Otocysts explanted from 12th-gestation-day mice and maintained in organ culture under went a series of developmental changes which paralleled those that occurred in vivo and which resulted in the formation of a sensory epithelium of the vestibular type. At the time of explantation presumptive vestibular sensory epithelium consisted of cells that were undifferentiated, pseudostratified and rapidly proliferating. The only microtubules present were those of the mitotic apparatus. After 4 days of in vitro development cells comprising the presumptive vestibular sensory epithelium were less pseudostratified and more elongate; their nuclei had assumed a basal orientation and there was a clear maginal velum. Longitudinally oriented cytoplasmic microtubules were present at the apices of some cells; they were often grouped around a centriole which may have served as a nucleation centre for their assembly. After 7 days of in vitro development mitosis had ceased and supporting cells had innervated hair cells were present: both types of cells were always longer than they were broad and were often highly asymmetrical. Hair cells were flask- or columnar-shaped, with a nucleus situated in the basal third of the cell. Most mitochondria in hair cells were located in the apical third of the cell. The same distribution of mitochondria and nuclei was evident in supporting cells. Microtubules occurred throughout the length of the supporting cell and were always parallel to its longitudinal axis. In hair cells microtubules were more frequent than in supporting cells: the majority were parallel to the longitudinal axis of the cell but there were two exceptions. First, at the apex of hair cells some microtubules were oriented transversely and diagnonally: these were probably involved in the development and maintenance of the constricted apex of these cells. Secondly, microtubules appeared to be randomly arranged in the narrow region of the cytoplasm between the ventral surface of the nucleus and the base of the hair cells. Microfilaments were confined to the basal third of hair cells where their orientation paralleled that of microtubules. The possible functions of microtubules and microfilaments in the development of hair cells and supporting cells of the mouse vestibular epithelium are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Case report: Cystic lymphangioma of the vallecula.

The incidence of vallecular cysts is low. They deserve full awareness of their existence because clinically they may produce upper airway obstruction. The case of a 20 month old infant in whom the large vallecular cyst was incidentally found on a routine examination is presented with a review of the literature.

Airway Obstruction↗