Differential effects of Pitressin on blood flow and oxygen extraction in canine vascular beds.
Physiologic studies in dogs have been performed with an intravascular flow/diameter sensor which can be introduced directly into the aorta or its branch vessels through a percutaneous radiologic catheter. These studies have focused upon attempts to devise a clinically practical means to protect the small intestine from radiation damage during therapy of abdominal and pelvic malignant tumors. The effects on superior mesenteric, renal, and lower extremity blood flows of controlled infusions of Pitressin given directly into the superior mesenteric artery or into a peripheral vein have been measured. In addition, using these regional flow measurements and arteriovenous differences in oxygen content, regional tissue oxygen extraction rates during Pitressin infusions have also been estimated. The data show that intravenous Pitressin at an infusion rate of 0.0124 U/kg/min may be almost as effective as Pitressin given directly into the superior mesenteric artery in lowering superior mesenteric blood flow (40%-70% reduction for intravenous, 50%-70% for direct arterial infusions) and intestinal oxygen extraction (20%-40% reduction for intravenous, 40%-50% for direct arterial infusions). The effects of Pitressin at similar dose rates on the kidney and the lower extremity are less reproducible, and it is possible that relatively selective radiation protection of the intestine using systemic (intravenous) infusions of Pitressin during abdominopelvic radiotherapy might be achievable.