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Biomedical subjects

R J Stratton

Publications and source records attributed to R J Stratton.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Comparison of the traditional paper visual analogue scale questionnaire with an Apple Newton electronic appetite rating system (EARS) in free living subjects feeding ad libitum.

OBJECTIVE: Assessing the value of a newly developed electronic visual analogue scale questionnaire (Apple Newton Message Pad) with the traditional paper method for appetite rating. DESIGN: In a random, crossover design, subjects completed both electronic and paper questionnaires to compare results obtained by the two methods; individual methods were completed consecutively to assess test-retest reliability; preference was established using a questionnaire. SETTING/SUBJECTS: Healthy, free-living adults were studied for comparison of methods (n = 12), test-retest reliability (n = 8) and preference (n = 13). INTERVENTION: Visual analogue scales were completed each waking hour to assess appetite. Preference was assessed after both methods were completed. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the hourly results obtained by the paper and electronic methods for 'desire to eat', 'how much can you eat now', 'urge to eat' and 'preoccupation with thoughts of food'. Small differences in 'hunger' and 'fullness' ratings were noted (approximately 5% mean difference between methods, P < 0.05), but patterns of change and sensitivity for these and all other parameters remained similar for both methods across the visual analogue scale. Test-retest reliability demonstrated was similar for both methods. Seven (54%) subjects preferred to use the paper questionnaire, five (38%) the electronic method and one (8%) had no preference. CONCLUSIONS: The electronic Apple Newton questionnaire is as sensitive and reliable as the paper method, has the advantage that it automatically records the time of data acquisition and data collection and processing are more efficient for the researcher. The two methods should not be used interchangeably.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Different patterns of endothelial cell activation in renal and pulmonary vascular disease in scleroderma.

Abnormal endothelial cell function is implicated in the development of scleroderma, and in major life-threatening complications of the disease. The nature of the stimulus leading to abnormal endothelial cell function in scleroderma, scleroderma renal crisis, and scleroderma-associated pulmonary hypertension was investigated by measurement of soluble adhesion molecules, shed by activated endothelial cells, in sera from patients with these conditions. In scleroderma renal crisis, mean levels of soluble E-selectin (p < 0.05 limited scleroderma, p < 0.0001 diffuse scleroderma), sVCAM-1 (soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1) (p < 0.05 limited scleroderma, p < 0.05 diffuse scleroderma), and sICAM-1 (soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1) (p < 0.0001 limited scleroderma, p < 0.0001 diffuse scleroderma) were raised, supporting a model of endothelial cell activation in this complication. Evidence for endothelial cell activation in scleroderma-associated pulmonary hypertension was inconsistent, with normal sE-selectin and normal sVCAM-1 in sera from patients with limited scleroderma and pulmonary hypertension. The endothelial cell phenotype in scleroderma-associated pulmonary hypertension may resemble that of unstimulated cells. The pulmonary vascular and renal vascular lesions associated with scleroderma may arise by distinct pathogenic mechanisms.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1997

Plasma leptin, energy intake and hunger following total hip replacement surgery.

1. This study aimed to investigate the possible role of leptin in post-traumatic anorexia by making pre- and post-operative (0-8 days) measurements of circulating leptin concentrations in six patients undergoing elective total hip replacement for osteoarthritis. 2. Mean daily hunger rating (four categories) and food intake (assessed by food record charts) were measured pre-operatively, as well as post-operatively for the first 5 days (days 0-5). Leptin concentrations, circulating metabolites [glucose, non-esterified fatty acids, glutamine and 3-hydroxybutyrate] and insulin and cortisol concentrations were measured pre-operatively (day 0) and post-operatively (days 1, 2, 3, 5 and 8). 3. Mean leptin concentrations were significantly increased only on day 1 (56% increase compared with pre-operative values, P < 0.009), whereas food intake (only 0.6 MJ on day 0) and hunger (5/6 patients 'not hungry' on day 0) only gradually improved over the next few days. (The energy intake over the first 5 days was 56% of the pre-operative value.) 4. Circulating insulin and cortisol concentrations were elevated on day 1 compared with pre-operative values on day 0 (P < 0.05). Of the measured metabolites implicated in the control of food intake, circulating non-esterified fatty acids and 3-hydroxybutyrate were not significantly altered in the post-operative period, but significant hyperglycaemia was noted on day 1 compared with day 0 pre-operatively (8.8 compared with 6.4 mmol/l glucose; P < 0.01). 5. It is concluded that circulating leptin is involved in the early (< 24 h) acute-phase response after moderately severe surgical trauma (characterized biochemically by a substantial acute-phase protein response, hypoalbuminaemia, hyperglycaemia and hypoglutaminaemia). Therefore, leptin may be implicated in post-traumatic anorexia, although other factors are likely to be involved, especially after the first 24 h when circulating leptin concentrations are no longer elevated.

Acute-Phase Reaction↗
PubMed1985

An evaluation system for teaching clinical removable prosthodontics.

The continuous assessment and updating of clinical evaluations are integral aspects of dental education. The purpose of this article was to describe the development, implementation, and assessment of an evaluation system for clinical removable prosthodontics. A system based on a three-point scale (RST) was adopted and implemented with the intent of maximizing evaluation effectiveness while minimizing stress on students and faculty members. To date, the RST system has improved both the quality of clinical evaluation and the level of clinical learning. The RST clinical evaluation system appears to be defusing students' ardent quests for grades while promoting the teaching potential within the evaluation process. The system also stimulates student self-evaluation, improves the consistency of faculty grading, facilitates student counseling, and permits an in-depth analysis of the evaluation system at regular intervals.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1983

The effect of single plane curvature on half-round cast clasps.

The quality of retention produced by a half-round cast clasp is affected by its curvature in the plane of its flat side. Uncurved clasps and those that curve 90 degrees, 180 degrees, and 270 degrees become progressively stiffer. Conversely, as the radius of the curvature increases, so does the flexibility of the clasp.

Denture Design↗
PubMed1982

Comparison of bond strengths of polymethyl methacrylate and alpha cyanoacrylate.

A method of fabricating similar methyl methacrylate cylinders was used to produce specimens to test the bond strength of alpha cyanoacrylate and autopolymerizing methyl methacrylate. Each group was tested immediately and after storage in 37 degrees C water bath for 90 days. Statistical analysis supported the finding that the autopolymerizing methyl methacrylate produced a better bond even without undercuts or mechanical retention.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Interrelationship between circulating leptin concentrations, hunger, and energy intake in healthy subjects receiving tube feeding.

BACKGROUND: Tube feeding is an unphysiological route of nutrient delivery, and yet there is a lack of controlled trials examining its effects on appetite, food intake, and factors involved in their control. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between diurnal tube feeding, hunger, food intake, and circulating concentrations of leptin (a putative satiety factor). METHODS: Six healthy lean men received a continuous nasogastric infusion (9:00 AM to 9:00 PM) of colored water (2 days), liquid feeding (4.2 kJ/mL, energy provision 1 x the initial predicted basal metabolic rate; 3 days), and colored water (2 days). Measurements of hunger (visual analog scales), weighed food intake, and fasting circulating leptin concentrations were made while the subjects were allowed free access to isoenergetically dense food items. RESULTS: Three days of diurnal nasogastric feeding (mean, 6.9 MJ/d) significantly increased total energy intake (to 19.4 MJ/d; p < .001; analysis of variance [ANOVA]), suppressing oral energy intake by only 17%, with no significant effect on mean daily hunger. Higher levels of energy intake led to a universal rise in circulating leptin concentrations (2.82 to 4.23 ng/mL; p < .004; ANOVA) that was not significantly related to subsequent breakfast energy intake, first rated hunger of the day, timing of morning food consumption, or subsequent mean daily oral energy intake or hunger. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that 3 days of diurnal tube feeding (equivalent to basal metabolic rate) failed to suppress hunger and reduced food intake by only 17%. The rise in circulating leptin concentrations, associated with tube feeding and the increase in total energy intake, failed to predict subsequent hunger or oral energy intake.

Adult↗