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Biomedical subjects

R J Thompson

Publications and source records attributed to R J Thompson.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

The role of parent stress and coping and family functioning in parent and child adjustment to Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

This study found 57% of parents of 35 children with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (4 to 14 years of age) to have self-reported poor psychological adjustment. The hypothesized mediational variables of parent appraisal of stress, relative use of palliative coping methods, and level of family conflict accounted for 58% of the variance in general distress, 50% in depressive symptoms, and 31% in anxiety symptoms. In terms of parent-reported child adjustment, 89% of the children were classified by parent report as having a behavior problem pattern. The internalizing profile pattern was most frequent (37%). The parent mediational variables accounted for 26% of the variance in parent-reported internalizing behavior problems and 29% in externalizing behavior problems.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1992

The role of biomedical and psychosocial processes in the intellectual and academic functioning of children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis.

This study found intellectual and academic functioning of 76 children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis to be normally distributed. Intellectual functioning was related inversely to age, and both intellectual and academic functioning were related directly to socioeconomic status. Medical status did not add a significant increment in the amount of variance in intellectual and academic functioning accounted for by age and socioeconomic status.

Achievement↗
PubMed1992

Behavior patterns in nonreferred children: replication of the factor structure of the Missouri Children's Behavior Checklist.

This study provided normative data with regard to the behavior classification system based on the Missouri Children's Behavior Checklist (MCBC) with a sample of 120 nonreferred children. The factor structure of the MCBC replicated with a high degree of congruence. Application of the MCBC behavior classification system provided information on the frequency of problem patterns and problem-free patterns by nonreferred children. Variability in MCBC factor scores and behavior patterns was examined as a function of demographic parameters of gender, race, age, and socioeconomic status.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

The Missouri Children's Behavior Checklist behavioral classification system: a construct validity study with nonreferred children.

This study provides validity information about the Missouri Children's Behavior Checklist (MCBC) classifications system with nonreferred children. MCBC behavior patterns of 41 children were related to DSM-III symptomatology ascertained through a structured clinical interview, the Child Assessment Schedule, conducted with the mother. The findings indicated that considering the Undifferentiated Disturbance pattern as an indicator of poor adjustment may be unwarranted with nonreferred children.

Child↗
PubMed1992

Stress, coping, and psychological adjustment of adults with sickle cell disease.

A transactional model of psychological adjustment to chronic illness was examined with 109 African-American adults with sickle cell disease (SCD). Good psychological adjustment was associated with lower levels of perceived daily stress and stress regarding SCD illness tasks, higher efficacy expectations, less use of palliative coping methods, less use of negative thinking/passive adherence pain-coping strategies, and family functioning characterized by high levels of support and low levels of conflict and control. Overall the underlying stress and coping conceptual model accounted for 44-50% of the variance in psychological adjustment.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1992

Psychological adaptation of mothers of children with spina bifida: association with dimensions of social relationships.

Investigated the hypothesis that dimensions of social relationships such as family support, conflict, and control; marital quality/support, social support, and social coping are associated with the psychological adjustment of mothers of children with spina bifida. A representative sample of 66 mothers answered a series of questionnaires including the Family Environment Scale. Dyadic Adjustment Scale, Social Support Questionnaire (6-item form), Social Coping Questionnaire, and SCL-90-R. Results indicated that mothers with more supportive families and marriages and less conflicted and controlling families reported lower levels of psychological symptoms. Coping strategies directed at friends were related to more symptoms.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1992

Stress, coping, and family functioning in the psychological adjustment of mothers of children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis.

Assessed the role of illness parameters, demographic parameters, and hypothesized psychosocial/mediational processes in the psychological adjustment of 68 mothers of children and adolescents (7-17 years of age) with cystic fibrosis. Together the illness and demographic parameters accounted for only 13-15% of the variance in maternal adjustment. However, the hypothesized mediational processes accounted for 35-40% increment in the variance in maternal adjustment. More specifically, maternal adjustment was associated with lower levels of perceived daily stress, less use of palliative coping methods, and family functioning characterized by high levels of supportiveness.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1992

Psychological adjustment of children with cystic fibrosis: the role of child cognitive processes and maternal adjustment.

Found 60% of children 7-12 years old with cystic fibrosis to have a parent-reported behavior problem and 62% met the criteria for a DSM-III diagnosis based on a structured clinical interview with the child. Mixed internal and external behavior problem patterns and diagnoses of anxiety and oppositional disorder were most frequent. Support was provided for the hypothesized psycho-social/mediational roles of child perception of self-worth and maternal anxiety in child adjustment. Together, the variables of the transactional stress and coping model accounted for 39 and 43% of the variance in mother-reported internalizing and externalizing behavior problems and for 68% of the variance in child-reported problems.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1992

Genes coding for proteins in central nervous system myelin.

There has been considerable interest recently in a genetic component as a causative factor in multiple sclerosis, but the identity of putative susceptibility genes is unknown. In the past decade, the primary amino acid sequences of the four proteins making up 90% of the protein content of central nervous system myelin (proteolipid protein, myelin basic protein, 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide-3'-phosphohydrolase, and myelin-associated glycoprotein) have been determined in several species. Additionally, the structural genes coding for these proteins have been analysed and their human chromosomal localization determined. We have been analysing these genes for possible variants conferring susceptibility to multiple sclerosis. Recent results have shown that cholera and pertussis toxin substrates and low molecular-weight GTP-binding proteins are also present in central nervous system myelin. This implies the presence of signal transducing systems whose purpose is currently obscure. The emerging picture of central nervous system myelin is of a complex dynamic structure composed of many more proteins than was previously thought.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Structure and chromosomal localization of the human 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase gene.

Human brain cDNA clones for the myelin associated enzyme 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNPase) have been isolated and sequenced. The only 5' untranslated region (UTR) sequence found was that of a human CNPII mRNA, with no direct evidence for a CNPI mRNA. Human CNPase cDNAs were used to isolate genomic clones containing the human CNPase gene which is 9 kb long. Four exons were identified, separated by three introns, and the sequence of each exon and intron/exon boundary has been established. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the presence of the human CNPase gene in DNA from a panel of rodent/human somatic cell hybrids. By this means the human CNPase gene was mapped to chromosome 17. In situ hybridization of a human CNPase genomic clone to metaphase chromosomes further localized this gene to chromosomal band 17q21.

2',3'-Cyclic-Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases↗
PubMed1992

Medical stress, appraised stress, and the psychological adjustment of mothers of children with myelomeningocele.

This study investigated the relationship between medical severity, stress appraisals, and psychological symptoms in a representative sample of mothers of children with myelomeningocele. Although these mothers may be at risk for the development of depression and anxiety problems, substantial variability in their psychological adjustment exists, perhaps due to differences in illness severity and stress appraisals. A sample of 66 mothers answered several questionnaires, including the Stress Questionnaire and SCL-90-R. Medical indexes reflecting severity were obtained from medical charts. Correlational analyses indicated no relationship between medical indexes and maternal adjustment. Appraised illness stress was not related to medical indexes but was significantly related to adjustment. Regression analyses including demographic, medical, and appraised stress variables accounted for 32% of the variance in adjustment. The findings suggest the importance of cognitive appraisal of stress as opposed to objective medical severity in the explanation of maternal psychological adjustment to myelomeningocele.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1991

Intercalation of psoralen into DNA of plastid chromosomes decreases late during barley chloroplast development.

We have used a DNA crosslinking assay to measure intercalation of the psoralen derivative HMT (4'-hydroxymethyl-4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen) into barley (Hordeum vulgare) plastid chromosomal DNA during chloroplast and etioplast development. Intercalation into DNA in intact plastids in vivo and in plastid lysates in vitro shows that chromosomal DNA in the most mature chloroplasts intercalates HMT less efficiently than DNA in younger chloroplasts. In contrast, there is no change in HMT intercalation during etioplast differentiation in the dark. Our results also show that DNA in higher plant plastid chromosomes is under superhelical tension in vivo. The lower susceptibility to HMT intercalation of DNA in the most mature chloroplasts indicates that late during chloroplast development the superhelical tension or the binding of proteins to the DNA or both change.

Blotting, Southern↗
PubMed1991

Sickle cell disease in children and adolescents: the relation of child and parent pain coping strategies to adjustment.

Examined pain coping strategies in 72 children and adolescents with sickle cell disease and their parents using the Coping Strategies Questionnaire, and found that pain coping strategies could be reliably assessed. Children high on Negative Thinking and Passive Adherence were less active, required more health care services, and were more psychologically distressed during painful episodes. Children high on Coping Attempts were more active and required less frequent health care services. Parents high on Coping Attempts and low on Passive Adherence had children who were more active.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1991

The gene for human neurone specific ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase (UCHL1, PGP9.5) maps to chromosome 4p14.

Ubiquitin carboxy terminal hydrolase 1, UCHL1, is a neurone-specific protein involved in the ubiquitin-mediated proteolytic pathway. The gene for human UCHL1 has been mapped to chromosome 4 using the polymerase chain reaction to amplify specifically the human UCHL1 sequences in rodent/human somatic cell hybrid DNA. A regional assignment of this locus to 4p14 has been made by in situ hybridization to metaphase chromosomes using both tritium and fluorescently labelled probes.

Base Sequence↗