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Biomedical subjects

R Jeyamalar

Publications and source records attributed to R Jeyamalar.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Trans (elaidic) fatty acids adversely affect the lipoprotein profile relative to specific saturated fatty acids in humans.

Although dietary trans fatty acids can affect plasma lipoproteins negatively in humans, no direct comparison with specific saturated fatty acids has been reported, even though trans fatty acids were designed to replace saturates in foods and food processing. In this study, dietary trans 18:1 [elaidic acid at 5.5% energy (en)] was specifically exchanged for cis 18:1, 16:0 or 12:0 + 14:0 in 27 male and female subjects consuming moderate fat (31% en), low cholesterol (<225 mg/d) whole food diets during 4-wk diet periods in a crossover design. The trans-rich fat significantly elevated total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol relative to the 16:0-rich and 18:1-rich fats and uniquely depressed HDL cholesterol relative to all of the fats tested. Trans fatty acids also elevated lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] values relative to all dietary treatments. Furthermore, identical effects on lipoproteins were elicited by 16:0 and cis 18:1 in these subjects. The current results suggest that elaidic acid, one of the principal trans isomers produced during industrial hydrogenation of edible oils, adversely affects plasma lipoproteins. Thus, the negative effect of elaidic acid on the lipoprotein profile of humans appears to be unmatched by any other natural fatty acid(s).

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Benign persistent pneumoperitoneum in systemic sclerosis.

We describe a 50-year-old Chinese woman who had severe gastrointestinal manifestations from systemic sclerosis complicated by spontaneous pneumoperitoneum in the absence of either visceral perforation or pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis. This is a rare complication of systemic sclerosis; only four other cases have been reported. Recognition of this condition is important so as to avoid unnecessary surgery.

Female↗
PubMed1992

Hepatotoxicity of amiodarone.

Amiodarone, a commonly used antiarrhythmic agent, has numerous adverse effects. The purpose of this case report is to highlight its hepatotoxicity, an unusual complication of long term amiodarone therapy. Our patient is a 76-year-old man with underlying ischaemic heart disease and recurrent ventricular tachycardia. Eleven months after commencing amiodarone, he developed asymptomatic raised aminotransferases which resolved following drug withdrawal. Amiodarone was then reintroduced and four years later, the patient developed hepatomegaly, worsening liver biochemistry and histopathological changes consistent with early cirrhosis. His symptoms improved following discontinuation of amiodarone. However, hepatomegaly and a low serum albumin still persist four years later.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Acute myocardial infarction after blunt chest injury.

A 20-year-old male sustained an inferior myocardial infarction following blunt chest trauma, after a motor vehicle accident. Though coronary arteriograms 9 months later were normal, LV angiography revealed severe hypokinesia of the inferobasal and diaphragmatic segments. The literature is reviewed with respect to mechanisms of injury, autopsy and angiographic findings and clinical outcome in this condition.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Primary cardiac amyloidosis.

Cardiac amyloidosis is an uncommon and often unrecognised cause of cardiac failure. It is an infiltrative disease that may mimic either a restrictive or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, constrictive pericarditis, coronary artery disease or valvular heart disease. The diagnosis should be suspected in a patient with cardiac failure who has low voltage complexes on the electrocardiogram, in association with increased myocardial mass and echogenicity on the echocardiogram. The definitive diagnosis, however, can only be made by endomyocardial biopsy or biopsy of any involved organ in systemic amyloidosis. Prognosis is poor and treatment ineffective.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Ruptured aneurysms of the sinus of Valsalva.

Aneurysms of the sinus of Valsalva are uncommon disorders and are usually congenital in origin. When these aneurysms rupture into an intracardiac chamber, they may be silent initially but later give rise to progressive heart failure due to left or right shunting and aortic regurgitation. The mortality and morbidity in untreated cases is high. We report 13 patients with ruptured aneurysms of the sinus of Valsalva who underwent surgical repair. There were seven males and six females with a mean age of 24.5 years. Three patients were asymptomatic and five were in congestive cardiac failure. The majority of patients (61.5%) had insidious onset of symptoms, only 2 cases presenting acutely. The connection was between the right aortic sinus and the right ventricle in 11 cases and the non coronary sinus and the right ventricle in 2 cases. Associated cardiac anomalies included a ventricular septal defect (8 patients) and aortic regurgitation (6 patients). There was 1 post operative death and 1 patient required re-operation three months later for a recurrence of the fistula. All 6 patients with aortic regurgitation required aortic valve replacement. All patients remained well and asymptomatic during follow up ranging from 2 to 19 years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Major gynaecological surgery in patients with severe coronary artery disease--the combined approach.

The gynaecologist today is likely to encounter elderly patients with severe coronary heart disease requiring major gynaecological surgery. The successful outcome in 2 such patients with compromised coronary circulation and impaired left ventricular function emphasized the importance of combined care with the cardiologist and the anaesthetist. The insertion of a Swan-Ganz catheter for close perioperative monitoring is vital. The intra-and postoperative problems are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Aortic valve replacement in osteogenesis imperfecta tarda--a case report.

A case of osteogenesis imperfecta tarda presenting with infective endocarditis and heart failure is discussed. Urgent aortic valve replacement was performed but the patient succumbed from pneumonia. The rarity of this disorder and the special problems encountered surgically in these patients are briefly discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Adult neuroblastoma: a case report.

Neuroblastoma is an uncommon malignancy in adult life as compared with childhood. A case of Stage IV neuroblastoma in a 24-year-old Chinese man seen at the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur is reported. The diagnosis was based on characteristic histological features seen in an excised lymph node with metastatic involvement and an elevated urinary metanephrine level. The finding of a suprarenal mass on computerised axial tomographic scan supported an adrenal origin. Other diagnostic aids which help to distinguish this tumour, especially the less differentiated forms, from other "small, dark, round cell tumours" are discussed.

Adult↗