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Biomedical subjects

R Jose

Publications and source records attributed to R Jose.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Current estimates of blindness in India.

BACKGROUND: Evidence based planning has been the hallmark of the blindness control programme in India. A nationwide survey was undertaken in 1999-2001 to document the magnitude and causes of blindness. METHODS: One district each in 15 populous states was covered. 25 clusters were randomly selected in each district and all individuals aged 50 years and above were enumerated. Presenting and best corrected vision was recorded using retroilluminated logMAR tumbling E charts and detailed eye examination was offered. RESULTS: The response rate was 89.3%. Presenting vision <6/60, in the better eye, was observed in 8.5% (95% CI: 8.1 to 8.9). Age, sex, residence, literacy, and working status were associated with blindness. The highest risk was among those aged 70+ and the illiterate. Cataract was responsible for 62.4% of bilateral blindness. Prevalence of cataract blindness was 5.3% (95% CI: 4.97 to 5.62). Reduction in blindness prevalence among people aged 50 years and above was observed compared to earlier studies. CONCLUSION: Blindness control efforts seem to have played a part in arresting the increasing prevalence of blindness in India and there is hope that the goals of the "Vision 2020--right to sight" initiative can be achieved if there is strong political will and prioritised action.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed2004

Spermine reduces infarction and neurological deficit following a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion: a magnetic resonance imaging study.

The role of nitric oxide (NO) in post-ischemic cerebral infarction has been extensively examined, but few studies have investigated its role on the neurological deficit. In the present study, we investigated the effect of spermine on the temporal evolution of infarct volume, NO production and neurological deficit using magnetic resonance imaging in a model of permanent focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Spermine given at 10 mg/kg 2 h after ischemia reduced the infarct volume by 40% and abolished brain NO production and improved the neurological score 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after ischemia. Spermine also reduced the neurological deficit as evaluated by rotamex, grip strength and neurological severity score tests.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2004

Community ophthalmology in the Indian perspective.

Community ophthalmology is as important as practice of clinical ophthalmology. Community ophthalmology deals the part of ophthalmology which is meant for identifying common causes of ocular morbidity in different regions, assessing the needs of the population, selecting appropriate intervention strategies, planning education programmes and analysing the utilisation patterns. Community ophthalmology denotes the use of appropriate strategies to reduce the burden of eye diseases in the community and the consequences of ocular ill health, while striving to ensure the best possible ocular health status for a major proportion of the community. Community-based services do not mean that institutional care is being downgraded. Institutions will always be central to the success of community-directed programme. The rational for practising community ophthalmology has been pointed in the text portion.

Community Health Services↗
PubMed2002

Tamoxifen-induced endometrial changes in postmenopausal women with breast carcinoma.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of tamoxifen (TAM) on the endometrium in postmenopausal women. METHODS: A case control study of postmenopausal women with breast carcinoma, who were undergoing treatment in the Department of Radiotherapy and Surgery at the Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore, India was done. Thirty-five women who were on tamoxifen (20 mg/day) for a period of at least 6 months formed the study group. Thirty-three women who were not receiving tamoxifen, formed the control group. Subjects in both groups had a pelvic examination and transvaginal sonogram followed by endometrial biopsy. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference in the mean endometrial thickness between the study group and control group (7.8+/-6.4 mm vs. 4.0+/-2.0 mm, respectively) More women in the tamoxifen group had an endometrial thickness of >5 mm but the number of women with polyps or hyperplasia of the endometrium did not differ significantly between the two groups. There were no women with endometrial carcinoma in either group. CONCLUSION: All patients on tamoxifen need to be evaluated by clinical examination annually. A transvaginal sonogram and endometrial biopsy/hysteroscopy may be performed on patients with abnormal vaginal bleeding, bloody discharge, staining or spotting.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Synthesis of nanoparticles of barium lanthanum hafnium oxide by a modified combustion process.

Barium lanthanum hafnium oxide, a complex perovskite ceramic, has been synthesized as nanoparticles by a modified combustion process for the first time. The Ba, La, and Hf ions required for the formation of Ba2LaHfO5.5 were obtained in solution by dissolving in boiling nitric acid a stoichiometric mixture of BaCO3, La2O3, and HfO2 that had been heated at 1200 degrees C for 4 h. By complexing the ions with citric acid and using ammonia as fuel, it was possible to get Ba2LaHfO5.5 as nanoparticles in a single-step combustion process. The powder obtained by the present combustion process was characterized by X-ray diffraction, BET surface area analysis, differential thermal analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, infrared spectroscopy, and scanning and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. According to the results of X-ray and electron diffraction, the powder synthesized through the combustion process showed single-phase barium lanthanum hafnium oxide. The transmission electron microscopic investigations showed a grain size of 42 nm, with a standard deviation of 8 nm. The nanoparticles of Ba2LaHfO5.5 synthesized by the present combustion technique could be sintered to > 97% of the theoretical density at a relatively low temperature of 1425 degrees C. Scanning electron microscopic studies on the sintered Ba2LaHfO5.5 samples showed that the final grain size of the sintered specimen was < 500 nm.

Calcium Compounds↗
PubMed2002

See & treat protocol for evaluation & management of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: The incidence of cervical cancer in India remains high, largely due to ineffective screening and poor patient compliance for follow up. A one step procedure where evaluation and treatment are performed at the same sitting may be a good strategy. Therefore the present study was undertaken to evaluate the feasibility of a see and treat protocol for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in a hospital population. METHODS: A prospective study was carried out on 285 women with using cytology and colposcopy followed by large loop excision of the transformation zone when indicated as a one step procedure. RESULTS: There was a concordance between colposcopic and cytologic diagnosis. Eighteen women underwent large loop excision. Over treatment rate was 61 per cent but 80 per cent of them occurred in the low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. The over treatment rate in high grade lesions was 20 per cent. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION: A single step see and treat protocol is a feasible management strategy for high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. However, patient education is essential before undertaking the procedure.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Visual outcomes after cataract surgery and cataract surgical coverage in India.

Visual outcomes of 2369 cataract operated persons(3655 eyes) across seven major Indian states were assessed in 1998. This is the largest ever study over the past decade in the country. 9.54 per cent of the examined population had undergone operation for cataract in one or both eyes. Intra-capsular cataract extraction was the commonest surgical modality adopted (91.62%). Intraocular lens implants resulted in better visual outcomes with 71.4 per cent of such patients achieving a good visual outcome (> or = 6/18 in operated eyes). Visual outcome was also good if ICCE operated patients were provided good quality aphakic spectacles. There were no gender differentials in surgical uptake rates. The risk of poor postsurgical visual outcome was strongly associated by type of surgery (Adjusted OR for ICCE-2.78; 95% CI: 1.41-5.49) and the non-availability or poor quality aphakic spectacles (Adjusted OR for poor/no spectacles 4.59-95% CI: 3.53-5.97). Duration since surgery and the source of surgery did not influence visual outcomes. Half the cataract blind remained unoperated in the study population.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Transvaginal sonography of the endometrium in south Indian postmenopausal women.

Endometrial carcinoma is not commonly seen in India as in the West. Nevertheless, the diagnosis has to be entertained in women presenting with postmenopausal bleeding. The aim of the study was to compare the transvaginal sonographically-measured endometrial thickness with the histopathological diagnosis in postmenopausal women. Eighty postmenopausal women were studied prospectively. All of them underwent transvaginal sonography followed by either an office dilatation and curettage and/or a hysterectomy. Eight women had endometrial carcinoma and their mean endometrial thickness was 12.6 +/- 5 mm (mean +/- SD). Taking 4 mm endometrial thickness as cut off the sensitivity of transvaginal scan to detect endometrial pathology was 97%, specificity 98%, positive predictive value 97% and negative predictive value 94%. Hence, we conclude that measurement of endometrial thickness by transvaginal scan is a good screening test in postmenopausal women for differentiating endometrial pathology from those who do not have an endometrial lesion.

Atrophy↗
PubMed1997

Sclerosing stromal tumour of the ovary. A case report.

Sclerosing stromal tumors (SST) of the ovary are a distinct, but rare benign neoplasms. These tumors appear solid and are very vascular and therefore give the impression of a malignant tumor. They occur mostly in young women. Morphologically and histologically they have distinct characteristics, which make them different from other stromal tumors. The importance of this report is that, though the tumor appears malignant (solid and vascular) since it occurs in young women, care should be taken before embarking on radical surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Synthesis of 7-substituted-4-(3',4',5'-trisubstituted-1-pyrazolyl)pyramido-[5,4-c] cinnolines and their anti-inflammatory activities.

Eight title compounds were synthesised from substituted anelines. All compounds were tested for inhibition of bovine serum albumin denaturation. Few selected compounds were studied for their ability to provide protection against carrageenin-induced edema in rat paw and to inhibit denaturation of bovine serum albumin in an attempt to elucidate their cellular mechanism of action. There was no relationship between anti-inflammatory activity of 7-substituted-4-(3',4',5'-trisubstituted-1-pyrazolyl)pyrimido[5,4- c] cinnolines and their bovine serum albumin denaturation effectiveness.

Animals↗