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Biomedical subjects

R K Gupta

Publications and source records attributed to R K Gupta.

At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Takayasu's arteritis and nephrotic syndrome in a patient with crossed renal ectopia.

A male patient with nephrotic syndrome, crossed renal ectopia, and extensive Takayasu's arteritis (TA), involving one of the renal arteries, is described. Renal histology showed amyloidosis. After reviewing the literature and considering the finding of raised serum amyloid protein A levels, it was concluded that TA had probably caused the amyloidosis. The crossed renal ectopia must have been a purely coincidental finding.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Effects of weathering on fabrics treated with permethrin for protection against mosquitoes.

Permethrin-impregnated and untreated fabrics were evaluated for their toxic and repellent effects against Anopheles stephensi and Aedes aegypti after both types of fabrics were subjected to accelerated weathering for 9 weeks, under a simulated wet/tropical environment. The toxic (knockdown) effect of permethrin-impregnated fabrics against both species of mosquitoes diminished rapidly after 1 week compared to the repellent effect. After 6 weeks of weathering, the remaining low amounts of permethrin provided fair protection from mosquito bites; however, no knockdown was observed at those levels. Permethrin-treated fabric was effective in providing protection from mosquito bites and appears to be a means of attenuating both the nuisance effects and, possibly, disease transmission by mosquitoes.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Efficacy of diethyl methylbenzamide (deet) against Aedes dorsalis and a comparison of two end points for protection time.

The repellent deet (N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide) was tested against the mosquito Aedes dorsalis in a coastal salt marsh in California. The experimental design incorporated a multiple regression model, sequential treatments and a proportional end point (95%) for protection time. The ED95 (95% effective dose) and 4-h ED95 were estimated at 0.05 mg/cm2 and 0.09 mg/cm2, respectively. The 0.05 mg/cm2 protection time and 0.10 mg/cm2 protection time were estimated at 0.2 h and 4.4 h. The decay constant and half-life were estimated at 0.17 h-1 and 4.1 h. The design and analysis of repellent field trials are discussed.

Aedes↗
PubMed1989

A field trial of ethyl hexanediol against Aedes dorsalis in Sonoma County, California.

The repellent ethyl hexanediol (2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol) was tested against the mosquito Aedes dorsalis in a coastal salt marsh in California. The experimental design incorporated a linear regression model, sequential treatments and a proportional end point (95%) for protection time. The protection time of 0.10 mg/cm2 ethyl hexanediol was estimated at 0.8 h. This time is shorter than that obtained previously for deet (N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide) against Ae. dorsalis (4.4 h).

Aedes↗
PubMed1989

The haematocrit value in diabetic patients with ischaemic stroke.

During a 3-yr period, 238 patients with acute ischaemic stroke were admitted to the medical department of Mubarak teaching hospital, Kuwait. One hundred patients had diabetes, (42%), including 55 females, and 45 males. Compared with non-diabetics, no significant difference was found in age, sex, prevalence of hypertension, heart disease, atrial fibrillation, transient ischaemic attacks or in plasma cholesterol and triglycerides. Plasma glucose on admission was significantly higher in diabetics (14.6 +/- 5.7) compared with non-diabetics (6.1 +/- 1.2 mmol/l) p less than 0.0001. Haematocrit (HCT) was also significantly higher in diabetics (43.17 +/- 5.75) than in non-diabetics (41.20 +/- 5.85) p less than 0.046. Diabetics had higher mortality (21%) than non-diabetics (10%) p less than 0.05. Severe disability was also more frequent in diabetics (23%) than in non-diabetics (10.8%) p less than 0.05. Diabetic men had significantly higher HCT (45.7 +/- 5.2) than non-diabetic (43.1 +/- 4.1) p less than 0.04. Diabetic women had also higher HCT (41.1 +/- 6.2) than non-diabetic (38.8 +/- 5.8), but this was not statistically significant. Compared with age (+/- 2 yr) and sex matched diabetic patients with other clinical problems, diabetic stroke patients had significantly higher plasma glucose (14.6 +/- 5.7) than non-stroke patients (11.8 +/- 3.7 mmol/l) p less than 0.01. Hct was also significantly higher in diabetic stroke patients (43.17 +/- 5.75) compared with other diabetic patients (41.04 +/- 4.3) p less than 0.04.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1989

A study of incidence of Australia antigen and derangements in liver function tests in leprosy.

The present study was conducted in 50 patients of various subtypes of leprosy (Lepromatous, Tuberculoid, Borderline borderline) and 25 healthy control, for detection of Australia antigen and various liver function tests (serum protein, cholesterol, alkaline phosphates, SGOT, SGPT, bilirubin and liver biopsy) to see incidence of Australia Antigen and derangement in liver function. It was concluded that incidence of Australia antigen in study and control group was zero. Total serum protein and serum globulin was increased in lepromatous leprosy. A/G ratio was reversed in 34.3% and 50% in lepromatous and tuberculoid leprosy respectively. Granulomatous hepatitis was seen in 66.66% and 50% cases of lepromatous and tuberculoid leprosy respectively. No relationships was established between hepatic lesion, Australia antigen and liver function test.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Evaluation of the cotton fabric model for screening topical mosquito repellents.

The data of King (1954) were analyzed by rank correlation methods to determine if the results of tests of candidate mosquito repellents on cotton fabric were correlated with the results of tests of the same compounds on the skin. The coefficient of rank correlation was statistically significant (P less than 0.01) for tests against salt marsh mosquitoes, Aedes sollicitans and Ae. taeniorhynchus, and yellow fever mosquitoes, Ae. aegypti, but not for tests against malaria mosquitoes, Anopheles quadrimaculatus. The coefficient of rank correlation was small (rs less than or equal to 0.40), and it was concluded that cotton fabric is not an efficient model for the skin in repellent screening programs.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1989

Cause and prognosis of acute renal failure in Kuwait: a 2-year prospective study.

At the Mubarak Al-Kabeer University Hospital of Kuwait (Arabian Gulf), 77 episodes of acute renal failure were collected prospectively over 2 years, yielding a mean annual incidence rate of 9.5/100,000 population. Forty-four episodes occurred in hospital, a rate of 1.3 per 1000 admissions. In this group, acute tubular necrosis was the commonest cause (27 episodes). Thirty-three episodes occurred in the community, acute tubular necrosis accounting for 11 episodes. In contrast to hospital-acquired renal failure there was a tendency for increased incidence of community-acquired renal failure in the summer months. A more striking observation was the lower mortality in the community-acquired form. The mortality was not related to severity of renal failure even within the group with acute tubular necrosis.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1988

NMR measurements of intra- and extravesicular sodium in renal microvilli.

Previous attempts to separate the nuclear magnetic resonances of intra- and extravesicular Na+ in brush-border membrane vesicles (BBMV) were unsuccessful and led to the proposal of rapid exchange of Na+ via sodium channels in BBMV. However, passive conductance of Na+ in this membrane has been found to be relatively small. This inconsistency prompted us to use a different shift reagent to reassess the issue. In guinea pig renal BBMV (15-30 mg protein/ml) equilibrated with Na+ (130 mequiv. 1), using the impermeant Na+ shift reagent dysprosium tripolyphosphate (3 mM), the resonances of intra- (3.3%) and extravesicular (96.7%) Na+ were resolved by 6 ppm. Increases in Na+ conductance induced by gramicidin D did not alter the characteristics of intra- and extravesicular Na+ resonances. By contrast, addition of glucose caused a transient increase in the area of the intravesicular Na+ resonance. The clear separation between the intra- and the extravesicular Na+ resonances allowed us to measure the relaxation times of Na+, which depend on its interactions with its immediate environment. The longitudinal relaxation time of intravesicular Na+ (13 +/- 1 ms) was much shorter than that of the extravesicular Na+ (44.0 +/- 0.4 ms). Thus, in intact renal BBMV, as well as in membranes treated with the cationophore gramicidin D, the exchange of Na+ between the intra- and the extravesicular compartments is slow on the NMR time scale, consistent with the low Na+ channel density of this membrane. In contrast, the increase in intravesicular Na+ induced by glucose, is consistent with a significant contribution of the glucose cotransport pathway to Na+ flux across these membranes. The short longitudinal relaxation time of Na+ in the intravesicular space indicates interaction of Na+ with BBMV binding sites or ordering of these ions in the intravesicular compartment.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1988

Cytologic diagnosis of papillary carcinoma of the breast in needle aspirates.

Eleven cases of rare papillary carcinoma of the breast diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) are reported. Five of these were pure papillary carcinomas and six were mixed papillary and ductal, lobular, or mucinous carcinomas. In each case, cytological material was collected by washing the needle and syringe contents into 30% alcohol in saline, and the Gelman cytosieve method was used for the cytological preparations. In this article, the cytological features of these tumors are described, including the presence of single papillae and papillary clusters, tall columnar cells, diathesis of blood with hemosiderin-laden macrophages, naked nuclei, and high cell recovery.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1988

Cytologic diagnosis of adenoid cystic carcinoma in tracheal wash specimens.

Two examples of primary adenoid cystic carcinoma of the trachea are described in which the cytologic diagnosis was made from tracheal washings. It is easy to confuse adenoid cystic carcinoma with the more common small-cell neoplasms of the respiratory tract; however, if differential features are kept in mind, such a distinction can be made in the cytologic material. Differential features include cohesive, globular, honeycomb-like arrangements of cells lacking nuclear molding, three-dimensional cell groups with ball-like formations, and clusters of uniform cells with cystic spaces, some containing mucus. These features in both of our cases resulted in unequivocal cytologic diagnoses.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Fine-needle aspiration cytology of breast: its impact on surgical practice with an emphasis on the diagnosis of breast abnormalities in young women.

Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of the breast is a minimally invasive yet maximally diagnostic method, often precluding the need of an open biopsy. In young women, in whom breast cancer is a rare disorder, it is also important that carcinoma is recognized without delay so that an appropriate plan of management can be adopted. In this study, we reviewed our experience in a total of 3,226 needle aspirates of breast with particular emphasis on the diagnosis of carcinoma in women under the age of 30.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Demonstration of a well-characterized tumor-associated antigen on melanoma cell surface.

We have isolated and characterized a melanoma tumor-associated antigen (TAA) from the spent culture medium of a melanoma cell line. Its presence has been detected in 72% of different melanoma specimens but not in normal tissues. Because tumor antigens may stimulate or perhaps block immune reactions to cancer cells, their presence on the cell surface may be a critical factor influencing tumor growth. Therefore, to define further the immunobiological characteristics of melanoma TAA, this antigen was investigated by membrane immunofluorescence. Serum from a melanoma patient known to have a high anti-TAA antibody titer was absorbed quantitatively with lymphoblastoid cells autologous to the target melanoma cells to remove non-anti-TAA antibodies. The absorbed serum was reacted with three cultured melanoma cell lines, UCLA-SO-10 (M10), UCLA-SO-14(M), and UCLA-SO-24 (M24). Of these cell lines, M10 and M14 are known to express the antigen as assessed by radioimmunoassay. Reaction of the antibody(s) to the antigen(s) on the melanoma cell surface was detected by fluorescein-conjugated goat anti-human IgG. The reactivity of the absorbed serum was inhibited by preincubation with purified melanoma TAA. These results clearly demonstrate that melanoma TAA is expressed on the cell surface of cultured melanoma cells.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗