Biomedical subjects

R K Hamid

Publications and source records attributed to R K Hamid.

6 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2001

Pediatric neuroanesthesia. Hydrocephalus.

Hydrocephalus, one of the most common adult and pediatric neurosurgical disorders, is an abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricular system as a result of obstruction to the flow of cerebrospinal fluid. Causes of hydrocephalus include congenital obstruction, hemorrhage, infection, cysts and tumors, and associated neural tube deformities (i.e., myelomeningocele, Arnold-Chiari malformation). Treatment of hydrocephalus involves surgical implantation of shunt systems to drain the cerebrospinal fluid. Anesthetic considerations involve attention to the possibility of increased intracranial pressure and prevention of aspiration through rapid-sequence intravenous induction and modest hyperventilation until the ventricles have been decompressed.

Anesthesia↗

PubMed2001

Pediatric neuroanesthesia. Neural tube defects.

Neural tube defects of the brain and spinal cord, among the most common birth defects in the United States, cause neurologic morbidity from the lesions themselves and from associated hydrocephalus and Arnold-Chiari malformation. Because the myelomeningoceles, and encephaloceles are repaired surgically within hours of birth, neonatal anesthetic management with attention to fluids, body temperature, intravenous access, and monitoring is important. Anesthesia for treatment of hydrocephalus and Arnold-Chiari malformation takes into consideration the presence of intracranial hypertension and the need for manipulation of vital structures in the posterior fossa.

Anesthesia↗

PubMed2001

Pediatric neuroanesthesia. Arteriovenous malformations.

Intracranial arteriovenous malformations can occur singly, multiply, and in conjunction with aneurysms and denovo, family, or in conjunction with connective-tissue disorders. Intracranial hemorrhage is the most common presentation, occurring in 20% to 50% of cases. In children, seizures are the second most common presentation occurring in 15% to 20% of cases. The modalities available treatment of arteriovenous malformations are microsurgery, embolization, and stereotactic radiosurgery with heavy particles, alpha knife, or linear accelerator. Induction, maintenance, and emergence from anesthesia are designed to prevent rupture of arteriovenous malformation and aneurysm and to improve intracranial compliance in the presence of an intracranial hematoma, during both diagnostic (CT, MR scanning) and therapeutic procedures.

Anesthesia↗

PubMed2001

Pediatric eye emergencies.

Anesthesia for pediatric eye emergencies is predicted on prevention of a rise in intraocular pressure and avoidance of extrusion of the intraocular contents in the setting of a full stomach. Sedation or general anesthesia is frequently necessary for adequate examination of the eye.

Child↗

PubMed2001

Pediatric resuscitation outside the operating room.

Protocols regarding the treatment of cardiac arrest of the pediatric patient outside the operating room are continually being reviewed as knowledge regarding the pathophysiology of cardiac arrest and the pharmacologic properties of resuscitative drugs has progressed. The indications for treatment of cardiac arrest by the various resuscitative drugs, and techniques for obtaining access for the administration of these drugs are discussed.

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation↗

PubMed2001

Pediatric ventilation outside the operating room.

Various ventilatory techniques have been developed in recent years to treat severe respiratory disease states in the pediatric population. Techniques and strategies involving the use of conventional ventilation, high frequency ventilation, nitric oxide, partial liquid ventilation, and extracorporeal circulation are discussed.

Child↗