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Biomedical subjects

R K Mathur

Publications and source records attributed to R K Mathur.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Isolated left lung aplasia with bronchial asthma.

Congenital lung anomalies are categorised as pulmonary agenesis, aplasia and hypoplasia with distinct clinical implications. An 8-year-old boy was referred for an opaque left hemithorax for which he had received antituberculous therapy. A detailed evaluation including flowing contrast computed tomography of the thorax and fiberoptic bronchoscopy led to a diagnosis of left lung aplasia. He also had wheezing dyspnea, which was confirmed as bronchial asthma. Congenital lung defects with associated asthma was reported only twice till date. A high index of suspicion is required to recognise such a patient.

Asthma↗
PubMed2005

The role of hyperosmolal food in the development of atherosclerosis.

Hyperosmolality of ingested food causes excessive thermogenesis in humans. And when this heat does not find a way to dissipate or expelled from body it causes the blood circulatory system to build an insulator wall by depositing fat in aorta resulting in atherosclerosis. The mechanism of excessive thermogenesis is presently unknown. It seems that the hyperosmolal food stimulates intestinal osmoreceptors and raises plasma osmolality. However, the dissipation of this heat is less likely to occur in obese people than skinny people because there is an extra layer of fat in obese people. In addition, the climatic conditions do not affect the development of atherosclerosis. Therefore, hyperosmolality of ingested food is the primary factor in the development of atherosclerosis and obesity is only secondary. In addition, the ingestion of fat has practically no effect on the development of atherosclerosis because it does not cause thermogenesis like amino acids, sugars, and NaCl do. Thus, both skinny as well as obese people are at risk of developing atherosclerosis if they habitually consume hyperosmolal foods irrespective of what part of the world they live in.

Arteriosclerosis↗
PubMed2004

Sub-surface investigations on deep saline groundwater of Charnockite rock formation, Kalpakkam, India.

Investigations on geohydrological aspects of coastal aquifer are important in order to understand the mechanism of ground water salinisation. The present study describes the salinity variations of ground water in deep boreholes drilled in Charnockite rock formation of Kalpakkam, on the eastern coast of India. Water samples collected up to 600m depth were analyzed for salinity variation. It is noticed that in one of the boreholes, (borehole K1), the salinity level is found to be 74 parts per thousand (ppt) at 400 m depth. Influence of surface saline water bodies viz., sea (26-28.5 ppt), backwaters (27-30 pt) and Buckingham canal (27-32 ppt) as the possible sources of recharge of fresh waters through joint and fracture system of the rock are discussed in this paper. Studies would assist in understanding the geohydrological characteristics of deep geological formation.

Environmental Monitoring↗
PubMed2004

Gossypiboma: its laparoscopic diagnosis and removal.

Retained surgical sponges are an under-reported occurrence. Clinical presentation may be acute or subacute, and may follow months or even years after surgery. We report on a case in which laparoscopy was used to both diagnose and treat a retained surgical sponge.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Extraction and purification of cephalosporin antibiotics.

The biologically active natural and semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotics require proper methods of extraction and purification for their isolation and subsequent pharmacological studies. This article reviews the various methods useful for extraction and purification of individual compounds as well as the enzymes involved in their biosynthesis. Applicability of the methods for downstream processing of the spent medium has been critically analysed. Adsorption chromatography, particularly with reverse phase materials, in combination with membrane separation is the most successful technique for extraction as well as purification of most of the enzymes and individual compounds. Techniques such as reactive extraction in liquid membrane, non-dispersive extraction in hollow fiber membrane and aqueous two-phase extraction are likely to emerge in new generation processes. Finally, some aspects of process design and scale-up have been discussed, highlighting the research needs of pragmatic importance.

Cell Extracts↗
PubMed1992

Sequential MTX-5 FU chemotherapy in pallination of advanced cancer cervix.

Twenty four patients with advanced cancer of cervix were submitted to sequential chemotherapy 5FU and MTX. The response rate was 85% in stage III and 50% in stage IV. Overall response rate was 75%. Patients who had not received radiotherapy earlier responded better than those who had received it earlier. This easy and economical modality has importance in view of late reporting and advanced stage of disease encountered in our set up.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis with pleural calcification and nephrolithiasis.

A case of pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis (PAM) with pleural calcification and nephrolithiasis is reported. The significance of peripheral white lines, a rarely reported observation on chest roentgenogram in PAM, is discussed. Extrapulmonary calcification in multiple sites raises the possibility of PAM being a systemic disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Computed tomography of lipoma of corpus callosum and choroid plexus lipoma: report of two cases.

Lipoma of corpus callosum and choroid plexus lipoma are rare developmental anomalies arising as a result of maldifferentiation of primitive meningeal tissue. Two cases are reported along with a brief review of literature. The first case presented with chronic headache, and a large lipoma of corpus callosum associated with choroid plexus lipoma was discovered. The second case had no symptoms before the discovery of corpus callosal lipoma on computed tomography, which was done for a head injury. None of the lipomas showed any calcification.

Cerebral Ventricle Neoplasms↗
PubMed1985

Primary mediastinal echinococcosis.

Computed tomography findings with surgical details are presented in a case of hydatid cyst of posterior mediastinum, a rare site of involvement in echinococcosis infestation. The computed tomography appearance of posterior mediastinal echinococcosis is quite characteristic and can be readily distinguished from other cystic lesions of the mediastinum. Computed tomography provides additional information regarding the involvement of neighboring structures. In this case, computed tomography detected involvement of the descending aorta.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

On the mechanism of hypocholesterolemic action of amphotericin B in rat.

The transient hypocholesterolemia phenomenon observed in rats, injected i.v. with amphotericin B (1.5 mg/kg/day) for three weeks, was investigated by in vitro [14C] acetate incorporation into the liver cholesterol. The incorporation of acetate in liver slices of treated animals increased more than two-fold (p less than 0.02) when compared with controls.When amphotericin B was added in vitro to liver slices of control rats, the incorporation of acetate into cholesterol decreased to about 65% of that observed with the corresponding controls (p less than 0.01). The results are consistent with the hypothesis that initially amphotericin B causes inhibition of de novo cholesterol synthesis resulting in hypocholesterolemia which disappears on continued treatment possibly due to compensatory increased rate of cholesterol biosynthesis.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMed1975

Long-term effect of amphotericin B on serum cholesterol in the rat.

Amphotericin B (1mg/kg/day) was administered intravenously to rats for 30 days, with simultaneous sham (5% dextrose in saline) injections to control animals. After four treatments, serum cholesterol concentration among treated animals demonstrated a maximum decrease of 25% (p less than 0.005) from the control level. Serum cholesterol returned to control level after three more treatments, and no significant difference (p greater than 0.05) was observed in experimental animals, despite continued treatment thereafter. Various hematological and biochemical parameters were monitored at intervals during this period. Except for significantly elevated (p less than 0.001) plasma urea nitrogen in treated animals, no significant difference was observed between the control and treated animals with regard to other parameters. Gross examination at autopsy, followed by microscopic study, showed absence of organ pathology.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Role of computed tomography in staging of renal cell carcinoma.

Accurate pre-operative staging of renal cell carcinoma is necessary to determine the surgical approach and prognosis. The advent of computed tomography has brought about a remarkable improvement in accuracy of pre-operative staging in such cases by non-invasive means. The role of computed tomography in staging of renal cell carcinoma has been evaluated in 28 cases and correlated with clinical and surgical findings.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Computed tomography in spinal tuberculosis.

Exhaustive clinicoradiologic and computed tomographic (CT) analysis of 114 cases of spinal tuberculosis seen between January 1983 and January 1989 is presented. The mechanisms of the spinal involvement are reviewed. CT helped to diagnose cases of spinal tuberculosis in their initial stages. Inaccessible fixed areas of spine were seen with ease on axial sections of CT. The extent and anatomic depiction of soft-tissue involvement as depicted on CT helps surgeons choose the appropriate surgical approach, which may affect future spinal stability.

Abscess↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fractionation of serum cholesterol: a critique.

A procedure for fractionation of serum cholesterol is developed by employing digitonin for the precipitation of free cholesterol in isopropanol. This method is based on the ferric acetate color reaction which is unaffected by traces of digitonin. It is influenced only negligibly by the presence of stanols in serum and is shown to be equally chromogenic with respect to both free and ester forms of cholesterol. The proposed procedure shows a three-fold improvement in precision (3.1 percent coefficient of variation [CV]) compared to that of the procedure by Leffler and McDougald (10.5 percent C.V.) which is based on the ferric chloride color reaction. The proposed free cholestrol procedure showed a mean recovery of 99.5% percent (98.1 to 102.5 percent) when cholesterol in 40 to 200 mg per dl concentrations was added to serum. The analytical performance of the proposed fractionation of serum cholesterol is critically reviewed with respect to its potential application in the diagnosis of liver diseases and in basic or experimental research.

Adolescent↗