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Biomedical subjects

R K Patel

Publications and source records attributed to R K Patel.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Evaluation of removal efficiency of fluoride from aqueous solution using quick lime.

Several methods are available to remove fluoride from the aqueous environment but they are not feasible in all places and conditions due to various reasons. In the present work, F(-) has been removed by using activated and ordinary quick lime. The removal of fluoride was 80.6% and the final concentration was 9.7 mg/L at optimum condition from the synthetic solution having initial fluoride concentration of 50 mg/L. Adsorption kinetic study revealed that the adsorption process followed first order kinetics. And the removal process followed Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The SEM micrographs and XRD studies revealed that the removal of fluoride was mainly due to chemi-sorption and precipitation. However, they can be suitably used to remove fluoride from industrial effluent where the concentration is high. But this method cannot be employed to treat water for domestic purpose, since it cannot bring fluoride within permissible limit and also increases the pH of treated water.

Adsorption↗
PubMed2006

Novel cytogenetic finding: an unusual X;X-translocation in Mehsana buffalo (Bubalus bubalis).

Cytogenetic investigations of a phenotypically normal Mehsana river buffalo calf (Bubalusbubalis) revealed an XXY chromosome complement due to X;X-translocation in all screened metaphase plates. The chromosomal anomaly was identified by GTG-banding while CBG- and RBG-banding revealed two heterochromatin blocks and that one of the two X chromosomes was late replicating, respectively. The normal cytogenetic profiles of sire, dam and relatives of the calf suggest that the anomaly could have arisen spontaneously during oogenesis. This is the first report on a male river buffalo calf having an XXY chromosome complement with translocation between the two X chromosomes.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

One-step purification and characterization of an alkaline protease from haloalkaliphilic Bacillus sp.

An alkaline protease producer haloalkaliphilic bacteria (isolate Vel) was isolated from west coast of India. It was related to Bacillus pseudofirmus on the basis of 16S r RNA gene sequencing, lipid profile and other biochemical properties. The protease secreted by this bacteria was purified 10-fold with 82% yield by a single step method on Phenyl Sepharose 6 Fast Flow column. The apparent molecular mass based on the sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was estimated to be 29 000 Da. The Km and Vmax towards caseinolytic activity were found to be 2 mg ml(-1) and 289.8 microg min(-1), respectively. The enzyme was active over the pH range of 8.5-12.0, the optimum being 10-11.0. The purified enzyme when kept at 45 degrees C and 50 degrees C for 40 min retained 92% and 85% protease activity, respectively. Effect of NaCl concentration on protease activity showed that the enzyme was slightly inhibited with high concentration of salt. The proteolytic activity was inhibited by PMSF, suggesting that the enzyme may belong to serine type protease. Interestingly, the activity was slightly enhanced with SDS (0.1%) and Triton X-100 (0.1%) but remained unaffected by Tween 80 (0.1%). The activity was affected by metal ions to varying extent. While Mn2+, Zn2+ and Mg2+ had no significant effect on protease activity, the enzyme was activated with Ca2+ (1 mM) and Cu2+ (5 mM). The stability of the enzyme in the presence of detergent components and surfactants is particularly attractive for its application in detergent industries.

Bacillus↗
PubMed2005

Contamination of water due to major industries and open refuse dumping in the steel city of Orissa--a case study.

Contamination of ground water is common in the areas surrounded by industrial refuse dumping sites and the probability of contamination is more where dumping is done in low lying areas and the rate of percolation through the soil is high. In order to assess the ground water pollution by leachate around the refuse dumping site, eighteen wells were selected for study. Few wells are nearer to the dumps, few are far away and others are in between. Also an attempt has been made to evaluate the effect of industrial effluents on the ground and surface water due to Integrated Rourkela Steel Plant and other major industries. From the analytical data of physico-chemical parameters, it is indicated that the river water is contaminated mainly due to the industrial and municipal effluents and the ground water of some of the analyzed areas is contaminated due to municipal and industrial solid waste dumping.

Cities↗
PubMed2003

Quality of water for drinking and agriculture in and around a mines in Keonjhar District, Orissa.

For optimum utilization of water resources, it is necessary to know both the quantity as well as quality of water. This paper describes the assessment of the quality of water of a mining area in the Keonjhar district of Orissa for drinking and agricultural purpose. The water quality for drinking purposes and for agricultural purposes was found to be suitable, however to give the final conclusion it requires the study of biological parameters.

Agriculture↗
PubMed2001

Side of symptomatic annular tear and site of low back pain: is there a correlation?

STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective chart review. OBJECTIVES: To report the correlation between the side of a concordantly painful, post-discography computer tomography (CT) visualized, annular tear, and the side of a patients' low back pain. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: An annular fissure extending from the nucleus to the outer one-third of the annulus is thought to be the nociceptive source stimulated during provocative lumbar discography. To our knowledge, there are no studies that have attempted to delineate whether the side of the annular tear correlates with the side of the patient pain. METHODS: One hundred and one post-discography CT scans, performed on patients with single level, concordantly painful, and fissured discs identified during lumbar discography, were randomly obtained from the archived and current files of the Penn Spine Center's film library. These were reviewed by both the lead author and a spine radiologist, both of who were blinded to the side of the patients pain, to determine which scans demonstrated clearly definable tears extending to the outer one-third of the annulus. Statistical analysis via the exact method was used to determine the correlation between the side of the patients tear and the side of the patients pain. RESULTS: Forty post-discography CT scans met the inclusion criteria. There was a random correlation between the side of the patients concordantly painful annular tear and the side of the patients pain. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study raise several questions regarding the embryologic development of the intervertebral disc and its somite, neurologic transmission of discogenic pain, distribution of chemical inflammagens, validity of discography, technique of ESI, and technique and validity of IDET.

Humans↗
PubMed2001

Internal jugular vein thrombosis after assisted conception therapy.

Superovulation therapy during assisted conception may result in a hypercoagulable state. Five cases of upper extremity venous thrombosis were identified in women who conceived after ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization (IVF). They presented between 7 and 10 weeks' gestation with neck pain and swelling. Three had been treated for ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome and two had evidence of inherited thrombophilia. Four patients received thromboprophylaxis before presentation. Although thrombosis is an uncommon complication of IVF, patients should be counselled before treatment. Thrombophilia screening may be considered for 'high-risk' patients, although current regimes for thromboprophylaxis remain suboptimal.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Persistent hiccup associated with thoracic epidural injection.

Epidural steroid injections are commonly used to treat lumbosacral radicular and discogenic pain. When used in this manner, these agents can cause minor, transient systemic side effects and rarely result in any serious complications. Because adverse reactions are uncommon and transient, epidural injections are considered a safe therapeutic intervention. We describe the first case of persistent hiccups as a consequence of a thoracic epidural steroid injection in a patient with thoracic discogenic pain.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Metastatic prostate cancer to the spine and a PSA of 5666: a case report.

Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second most common cause of cancer death among American men. To our knowledge, the highest reported prostate specific antigen (PSA) level on initial presentation is 3280 ng/mL. In this case report, we discuss a 46-year-old African-American man with back pain of 1-month's duration. A magnetic resonance imaging study of the lumbar spine revealed numerous osseous metastatic lesions, and the PSA level was found to be 5666 ng/mL. He was treated with oral narcotics and a Duragesic patch to achieve analgesia and bicalutamide (Casodex) and leuprolide acetate (Lupron) therapy for androgen blockade. Later in his course, he required chemotherapy due to hormone-refractory prostate cancer. The patient has done well as shown at his latest follow-up at 48 months. The objective of this report is to discuss the first patient with metastatic prostate cancer to the spine with PSA level greater than 3,500 ng/mL.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Osseous stress reaction in a rower diagnosed with positron emission tomography (PET): a case report.

Back injury is one of the most frequently encountered injuries in the collegiate rower. The differential diagnosis of back pain in the competitive rower includes muscle strain, ligament/tendon injury, stress reaction, stress fracture, and a tear in the annulus fibrosis. Endurance sports, such as rowing, have an increased frequency of stress injury The diagnosis of stress reaction cannot be made with plain radiographs. Many studies have firmly established the efficacy of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) bone scans and magnetic resonance imaging in establishing the diagnosis of a stress reaction We present a case of a collegiate rower with mid back pain secondary to a stress reaction of the endplates of the costotransverse articulation at the T8 level diagnosed by a positive positron emission tomogram study in the setting of a negative SPECT scan.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Spontaneous chromosomal instability in breast cancer families.

Spontaneous chromosomal instability has been correlated with cancer predisposition. In the present study, the phenomenon has been evaluated using two cytogenetic markers, namely, frequency of spontaneous sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) and spontaneous chromosomal aberrations (CA) in peripheral blood lymphocytes of hereditary breast cancer (HBC) patients (n = 11) and healthy blood relatives (HBR, n = 36). A statistically significant difference was observed for both the endpoints between HBC patients and controls (P < 0.001), HBC patients and HBR (P < 0.001), as well as HBR and controls (P < 0.001). Thus, 63.64% of the HBC patients and 25% of HBR showed a mean CA/cell value higher than the highest mean CA/cell value of the controls (0.11 CA/cell). Similarly, 81.81% of the HBC patients and 61.11% of HBR showed a mean SCE/cell value higher than the highest mean SCE/cell value of the controls (9.60 SCE/cell). Chromosomal aberrations were more frequently observed in the B and E group of chromosomes in HBC patients and HBR. These findings primarily indicate the high level of chromosomal instability in breast cancer families, and might be one of the predisposing factors for high risk of cancer in HBR.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Comparative analysis of dendritic cell density and total number in commonly transplanted organs: morphometric estimation in normal mice.

Dendritic cells (DC) are considered to be the major cell type responsible for induction of primary immune responses. While they have been shown to play a critical role in eliciting allosensitization via the direct pathway, there is evidence that maturational and/or activational heterogeneity between DC in different donor organs may be crucial to allograft outcome. Despite such an important perceived role for DC, no accurate estimates of their number in commonly transplanted organs have been reported. Therefore, leukocytes and DC were visualized and enumerated in cryostat sections of normal mouse (C57BL/10, B10.BR, C3H) liver, heart, kidney and pancreas by immunohistochemistry (CD45 and MHC class II staining, respectively). Total immunopositive cell number and MHC class II+ cell density (C57BL/10 mice only) were estimated using established morphometric techniques--the fractionator and disector principles, respectively. Liver contained considerably more leukocytes (approximately 5-20 x 10(6)) and DC (approximately 1-3 x 10(6)) than the other organs examined (pancreas: approximately 0.6 x 10(6) and approximately 0.35 x 10(6); heart: approximately 0.8 x 10(6) and approximately 0.4 x 10(6); kidney approximately 1.2 x 10(6) and 0.65 x 10(6), respectively). In liver, DC comprised a lower proportion of all leukocytes (approximately 15-25%) than in the other parenchymal organs examined (approximately 40-60%). Comparatively, DC density in C57BL/10 mice was heart > kidney > pancreas >> liver (approximately 6.6 x 10(6), 5 x 10(6), 4.5 x 10(6) and 1.1 x 10(6) cells/cm3, respectively). When compared to previously published data on allograft survival, the results indicate that the absolute number of MHC class II+ DC present in a donor organ is a poor predictor of graft outcome. Survival of solid organ allografts is more closely related to the density of the donor DC network within the graft.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

An unusual case of shoulder pain.

Shoulder pain is a common musculoskeletal ailment. The process of determining the etiology of shoulder pain can be difficult. The differential diagnoses include: both intracapsular and extracapsular lesions; and neurologic, vascular, postural, and visceral causes. We present an unusual case of shoulder pain accompanied by loss of shoulder range of motion (ROM), initially thought to be caused by an intrinsic shoulder disorder. However, it ultimately was determined that a cervical radicular disorder caused both the impaired ROM and the patient's shoulder pain.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

Chromosomal aberrations in young cancer patients.

Spontaneous level of chromosomal aberrations (CA) is considered to be indicative of inherent cancer predisposition, which plays a major role in total cancer incidence. We have studied spontaneous CA levels in in vitro cultured peripheral blood lymphocytes of pediatric cancer patients (n = 77). Results were compared with those of control subjects (n = 72), including: age-matched controls; elder controls (minimum age 60 years); and healthy first-degree relatives (FDR) of pediatric cancer patients. Pediatric cancer patients showed the highest mean CA/cell value, which was statistically significant as compared to their age-matched counterparts, elder controls, and the FDRs. As compared to 7% of all the three control groups collectively, 32.4% of pediatric cancer patients showed > 0.1 mean CA/cell value. One of the FDRs with a very high frequency of CA developed cancer within three years. The results suggest that spontaneous levels of chromosomal aberrations may be used as one of the biomarkers for cancer predisposition study.

Adolescent↗