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Biomedical subjects

R K Yadav

Publications and source records attributed to R K Yadav.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Force field calculations for 2-amino-5-chloro- and 2-amino-5-bromo-benzotrifluorides.

Force field calculations have been carried out for 2-amino-5-chloro- and 2-amino-5-bromo-benzotrifluorides using the earlier (Ref. of this article) reported IR and Raman spectra. As the frequencies of the corresponding modes for the C-Br and the C-Cl groups do not differ widely the two molecules are assumed to be isotopomers for the purpose of the force field calculations. The calculated and the observed frequencies match nicely for both the molecules. Consistent assignments have been proposed for the ring modes and the internal modes of the CF3 and the NH2 groups based on the potential energy distributions (PEDs), the IR and the Raman intensities and the depolarisation ratios of the Raman lines.

Fluorobenzenes↗
PubMed2005

Pleomorphism of the clinical manifestations of neurocysticercosis.

Neurocysticercosis (NCC) remains a major public health problem in developing countries as it is the most common helminthic infection of the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations are non-specific and pleomorphic. Case reports on uncommon presentations of NCC are few. We report six interesting cases of NCC with unusual clinical presentation that demonstrate this spectrum of pleomorphism. These include extrapyramidal disease (parkinsonism and focal dystonia), Kluver-Bucy syndrome, Weber's syndrome, dementia and cortical blindness. The clinical details and possible mechanisms for the uncommon presentations are also discussed. Thus, a high level of suspicion should be kept for NCC, especially in endemic zones and developing countries.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Prevalence and control of pathogenic contamination in some sewage irrigated vegetable, forage and cereal grain crops.

A total of 344 samples comprising of different vegetables, fodder and grain crops were obtained from a long-term experiment under sewage irrigation. The aerobic bacterial plate counts for vegetables, fodder and grain crops ranged between 2 x 10(6) and 3.5 x 10(7), 6 x 10(6) and 3 x 10(8), 2 x 10(5) and 3.8 x 10(10), respectively, while the corresponding Faecal coliform ranged between < 2 and 9 x 10(5), 9 x 10(2) and 2 x 10(5) and < 2, indicating that the pathogenic loads got reduced below permissible level in the produce that was harvested after sun drying in the field itself, whereas the parts coming in direct contact were the most severely contaminated. The health hazards could be markedly lowered with adoption of some of the low cost practices such as repeated washings, exposure of the produce to sunlight and raising the crops on beds. The coliform counts in vegetables were within permissible limits by two washings with water, exposing these to sunlight for about 4 h and removing the two outmost leaves of cabbage. Also, cutting above some height from ground level (0.10 m) in sorghum reduced the pollution load in fodder crops.

Agriculture↗
PubMed2005

Telemedicine in neurology: underutilized potential.

Advances in telecommunication which started with telephone lines, FAX, integrated service digital network (ISDN) lines and now internet have provided an unprecedented opportunity for transfer of knowledge and sharing of information. The information can be used for overlapping applications in patient care, teaching and research. In medicine there is increasing utilization of telemedicine; radiology and pathology being regarded as mature specialties and emergency medicine as maturing specialties compared to other evolving specialties which include psychiatry, dermatology, cardiology and ophthalmology. Of the emergencies, status epilepticus and stroke have high potential for improving patient management. Administration of tPA was more frequent when carried out under telemedicine guidance. Telemedicine has great potential for medical education. The principles of education are in congruence with those of telemedicine and can be closely integrated in the existing medical education system. Our experience of telemedicine as a medical education tool is based on video conferencing with SCB Medical College, Cuttack. We had 30 sessions during 2001 to 2004 in which 2-3 cases were discussed in each session. The patients' details, radiological and neurophysiological findings could be successfully transmitted. These conferences improved the knowledge of participants, provided an opportunity for a second opinion as well as modified the treatment decisions in some cases. The advances in telemedicine should be utilized more extensively in neurology, especially in emergency management, epilepsy and stroke patients as well, as it may have a role in neurophysiology and movement disorders.

Education, Medical↗
PubMed2005

Serum lipid response to introducing ghee as a partial replacement for mustard oil in the diet of healthy young Indians.

Ghee (clarified butter) has generally been assumed to be hypercholesterolaemic on the basis of its composition but there is hardly any study to support or refute the assumption. The present study was conducted on sixty-three healthy, young, physically active adult volunteers (52 male, 11 female). The study design was that of a randomized controlled trial with a parallel design. After a lead-in period of 2 wk, the subjects were randomly divided into two groups, Group A (n = 30; 25 male, 5 female) and Group B (n = 33; 27 male, 6 female). Group A (experimental) consumed for 8 wk a diet in which ghee provided 10% of the energy intake. The only other visible fat in the diet was mustard oil, and total energy from fats was 25% of the energy intake. Group B (control) consumed for 8 wk a similar diet except that all visible fat came from mustard oil. The serum total cholesterol level showed a significant rise in the experimental group at 4 wk; the rise persisted at 8 wk. A similar rise was also seen in HDL cholesterol. Hence the total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio did not show any significant change. In the control group, there was a trend towards a fall in LDL cholesterol but the change was not significant. The study does not indicate any adverse effect of ghee on lipoprotein profile. However, more studies are needed on older subjects, hyperlipidaemic subjects, and on subjects following less healthy lifestyles before the results of this study can be extrapolated to the general population.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Clinical spectrum, pitfalls in diagnosis and therapeutic implications in herpes simplex encephalitis.

OBJECTIVES: High index of suspicion is mandatory for early diagnosis of Herpes Simplex Encephalitis (HSE), since acyclovir therapy can prevent its mortality and limit morbidity. We report our observations on clinical spectrum, pitfalls in diagnosis and therapeutic aspects in patients of HSE. METHODS: There were 34 patients of HSE (26 males and eight females) in age range 6 -72 (mean 23.8 +/- 8.9) years. Diagnosis was confirmed by cranial MRI, EEG and PCR in CSF. Acyclovir was given to 24 patients. Carbamazepine and sodium valproate were the antiepileptic drugs used. RESULTS: Most of the patients were referred either as Japanese encephalitis, cerebral malaria or tubercular meningitis. High fever, seizures, behavioral abnormality and encephalopathy were present in all, either at onset or later. EEG, CSF abnormality and cranial MRI were abnormal in all 34 patients. PCR for Herpes Simplex virus was positive in 65 % cases CT was performed in 10 cases but abnormality was detected only in four. We observed features of Kluver Bucy syndrome in three patients, suffering from HSE. Following complete acyclovir therapy in 24 patients, 12 recovered completely and four partially. There was no improvement in four patients including two patients who had features of Kluver Bucy Syndrome, while four expired. Among the seven patients who refused therapy of acyclovir, five expired, while two remained in unaltered status. Treatment could not be completed in three patients as they expired during therapy. CONCLUSION: HSE is commonly misdiagnosed. Important factors influencing mortality and morbidity of HSE were; early acyclovir therapy, age, immune status of patient, duration of illness, and consciousness level before initiation of therapy. We conclude that acyclovir should be given to all patients as soon as suspected, while confirmatory investigations are in progress.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed2003

Thallium poisoning: emphasis on early diagnosis and response to haemodialysis.

Thallium poisoning is known for its diverse manifestations and these can delay the diagnosis if a clear history of poisoning is not forthcoming. A 42 year old man presented on the third day of illness with flaccid quadriparesis and paresthesia, which were confused with Guillain-Barré syndrome. Because of associated loose motions, skin lesions, and liver and kidney dysfunction arsenic poisoning was considered. In the second week he developed ophthalmoplegia, nystagmus, and neck tremor and later developed alopecia, and thallium poisoning was suspected. His serum thallium level on the 18th day of illness was 40 980 micro g/ml. He was subjected to haemodialysis, potassium supplementation, laxatives, and B complex supplementation. He showed significant improvement after haemodialysis and at three months he was able to walk with support. At six months of follow up he was independent for activities of daily living. Severe paresthesia, ophthalmoplegia, cerebellar and extrapyramidal signs, and alopecia are highly suggestive of thallium poisoning. Haemodialysis may be effective even in the third week of poisoning.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Post-irrigation impact of domestic sewage effluent on composition of soils, crops and ground water--a case study.

Long-term irrigation with sewage water adds large amounts of carbon, major and micro- nutrients to the soil. We compared the spatial distribution of N, P, K and other micronutrients and toxic elements in the top 0.6 m of an alluvial soil along with their associated effects on the composition of crops and ground waters after about three decades of irrigation with domestic sewage effluent as a function of distance from the disposal point. Use of sewage for irrigation in various proportions improved the organic matter to 1.24-1.78% and fertility status of soils especially down to a distance of 1 km along the disposal channel. Build up in total N was up to 2908 kg ha(-1), available P (58 kg ha(-1)), total P (2115 kg ha(-1)), available K (305 kg ha(-1)) and total K (4712 kg ha(-1)) in surface 0.15 m soil. Vertical distribution of these parameters also varied, with most accumulations occurring in surface 0.3 m. Traces of NO3-N (up to 2.8 mg l(-1)), Pb (up to 0.35 mg l(-1)) and Mn (up to 0.23 mg l(-1)) could also be observed in well waters near the disposal point thus indicating initiation of ground water contamination. However, the contents of heavy metals in crops sampled from the area were below the permissible critical levels. Though the study confirms that the domestic sewage can effectively increase water resource for irrigation but there is a need for continuous monitoring of the concentrations of potentially toxic elements in soil, plants and ground water.

Agriculture↗
PubMed2002

Left vocal cord paralysis and aortic arch aneurysm: an unusual presentation.

Recurrent laryngeal nerve in its course, follows a path that brings it in proximity to numerous structures. These structures can interfere with its function by pressure or by disruption of the nerve caused by disease invading the nerve. We report aortic aneurysm and atherosclerotic plaque as a rare cause of left vocal cord paralysis.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Antifertility studies of Colebrookia oppositifolia leaf extract in male rats with special reference to testicular cell population dynamics.

Oral feeding of male rats with the ethanolic leaf extract of Colebrookia oppositifolia at dose levels of 100 and 200 mg/kg for 8-10 weeks did not cause body weight loss, while the weights of testes and epididymides were significantly decreased. Seminal vesicles and ventral prostate showed a significant reduction at the higher dose only. Treated animals showed a notable depression of spermatogenesis. Following 100 and 200 mg/kg extract feeding, the preleptotene spermatocytes were decreased by 46.5 and 39.8%, the secondary spermatocytes by 13.4 and 12.7%, the step-19 spermatids by 36.6 and 35.2%, and the mature Leydig cells by 31.2 and 39.5%, respectively. At both dose levels, the seminiferous tubule diameter, Leydig cells nuclear area and cytoplasmic area, as well as the cross-sectional surface area of Sertoli cells, were significantly reduced (P<0.001) when compared to controls. Reduced sperm count and motility resulted in 100% negative fertility at 200 mg/kg dose level. A significant fall in the total protein and sialic acid content and acid phosphatase enzyme activity of the testes, epididymides, seminal vesicle and ventral prostate, as well as in the glycogen content of testes, was also observed at both dose levels in comparison with controls.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Stylalgia: an Indian perspective.

OBJECTIVE: The main objective was to study the stylalgia profile in Indians and the outcome of styloidectomy in such cases. DESIGN: This prospective study was carried out by random selection of patients with stylalgia using periodic random numbers. SETTING: This was a hospital-based study. METHODS: Surgical excision of the symptomatic enlarged styloid process was performed by the transtonsillar route using a dilation and curettage (D and C) curette. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The patients were followed postoperatively for their pain relief. RESULTS: Of 40 patients operated on, 31 (77.5%) became symptom free, 5 (12.5%) had considerable improvement in their symptoms, and 4 (10%) had no relief. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of an enlarged styloid process was found to be higher in an Indian rural population with female preponderance owing to their carrying of heavy weight on head. Styloidectomy was very rewarding. The D and C curette was found to be a very effective instrument for styloidectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Effect of fasting on the intestinal absorption of D-glucose and D-xylose in rats in vivo.

The present study was planned to elucidate the role of fasting on the intestinal absorption of monosaccharides particularly--glucose and xylose in inbred female albino rats. Rats (weighing 250-300 grams) were divided into three groups. One group of rats served as control while the other two were experimental. One of the experimental groups was starved for 48 hours while the other for a period of 72 hours. It was found that fasting for 72 hours causes an overall increase in absorption of glucose from small intestine. Forty-eight hours of fasting caused a significant increase in glucose absorption from distal ileum only. Increase in the glucose absorption in fasting from small intestine can well be explained on the basis of a reduction in glucose metabolism in general as an adaptation to starvation so as to leave more glucose for cerebral metabolism. No significant changes, whatsoever, were encountered with xylose absorption in fasting animals.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Effect of yogic practice on pulmonary functions in young females.

During recent years, a lot of research work has been done to show the beneficial effects of yoga training. The present study was undertaken to assess the effects of yogic practice on some pulmonary functions. Sixty healthy young female subjects (age group 17-28 yrs.) were selected. They had to do the yogic practices daily for about one hour. The observations were recorded by MEDSPIROR, in the form of FVC, FEV-1 and PEFR on day-1, after 6 weeks and 12 weeks of their yogic practice. There was significant increase in FVC, FEV-1 and PEFR at the end of 12 weeks.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Decay of the GRB 990123 optical afterglow: implications for the fireball model

Broad-band (ultraviolet to near-infrared) observations of the intense gamma ray burst GRB 990123 started approximately 8.5 hours after the event and continued until 18 February 1999. When combined with other data, in particular from the Robotic Telescope and Transient Source Experiment (ROTSE) and the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), evidence emerges for a smoothly declining light curve, suggesting some color dependence that could be related to a cooling break passing the ultraviolet-optical band at about 1 day after the high-energy event. The steeper decline rate seen after 1.5 to 2 days may be evidence for a collimated jet pointing toward the observer.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

An evaluation of myelography with non-ionic water soluble contrast medium-iohexol.

Iohexol myelography was performed in 25 cases of suspected spinal cord compression. Out of these, 24 cases gave optimally informative myelogram, while one case showed quasi-informative myelogram. Myelographic efficacy regarding the level of lesion was correct in all cases. On final evaluation 15 cases were diagnosed as extradural lesions, 9 cases as intradural extramedullary type and one case as diastematomyelia. Only single case which was diagnosed as intramedullary lesion on myelography was, in fact, an extradural lesion. There were only minor side-effects in the form of headache and paraesthesia in the lower limb. It was concluded that iohexol is a safe contrast medium with high efficacy and minimal side-effects for the total examination of spinal canal.

Contrast Media↗
PubMed1998

Evaluation of various diagnostic signs on percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography in obstructive jaundice.

Twenty patients of obstructive jaundice were subjected to percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) of which 17 were operated on. Patients were divided in 4 groups according to the site of obstruction. The diagnostic signs observed were: Complete block with interface having convexity downwards (4), convexity upwards (3), biconcave caudal cut off (6), smooth edged cut off (one), irregular edged cut off (one) and non-specific appearance (one); incomplete block with interface having convexity upwards (one); biconcave caudal cut off (2) and multiple smooth central filling defects (2). In one case there was incomplete obstruction at two sites giving rise to two different signs. PTC was 100% correct in accurately telling the site of lesion. As regards the nature of the lesion the diagnosis on PTC was found correct in 15 out of 17 cases (88.5%).

Cholangiography↗