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Biomedical subjects

R Köhler

Publications and source records attributed to R Köhler.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

[Pathobiochemistry of mineral and trace elements. IV Iron concentration in whole blood and serum of pregnant women and newborn (author's transl)].

We determined the iron levels during the 10-40 week of pregnancy in 158 pregnant women to whom no iron supplements had been administered and who had normal pregnancies as well as toxic ones. We also determined the iron levels in 463 mothers during birth and those of their newborn. We obtained the following results. 1. In the course of pregnancy the iron level in the whole blood remains practically constant at the reduced level attained in the first few weeks until the 40th week, while a continuous depression of iron levels occurs in the serum. 2. Iron levels in whole blood are significantly elevated during a normal pregnancy in contrast to a pathological one, but the serum values stay practically identical in both groups. 3. The actual number of pregnancies (primi- or multipara) had no significant influence on the iron levels in either whole blood or serum in both normal or pathological pregnancies. 4. Blood group status had no influence on iron metabolism. 5. With a rhesus positive factor the whole blood level remains unchanged in the blood, but is significantly higher in the serum in comparison to a rhesus negative factor. 6. Comparison of apgar groups 5-7 with 8-10 showed significantly higher iron levels in mature neonates 8-10 only in the case of pathological pregnancy. 7. Sex of the newborn had no effect on the iron concentration in blood drawn from the umbilical cord. 8. Correlation between the iron values in whole blood and those in the serum are ascertainable in the different indications for toxic pregnancy. 9. Patients who had received an iron supplement therapy were excluded from the study.

Apgar Score↗
PubMed1981

[Pathobiochemistry of mineral and trace elements. II. Copper concentration in the whole blood and serum of pregnant women and newborn (author's transl)].

Following a description of the biochemical and pharmacodynamic significance of copper metabolism, we report on the kinetics of copper in the whole blood and in the serum using as subjects 158 gravid women during pregnancy and of 468 pregnant women and their neonates following birth. Be obtained the following findings: 1. The copper level increases slightly in the whole blood and significantly in the serum during the 20-40 weeks of pregnancy in both normal and pathological pregnancies. 2. Copper shows contrary kinetic behaviour during the entire pregnancy as compared with the corresponding zinc values. 3. The sequence of copper metabolism is identical in primiparas as well as multiparas. 4. Blood groups of pregnant women are without influence on the copper level. 5. The rhesus factor does not change the kinetics of copper in the whole blood and the serum of pregnant women. 6. It could not be ascertained with sufficient certainty whether the Apgar values correlate with copper concentrations. 7. In contrast to the mothers, a considerably lowered copper level could be ascertained in the whole blood of newborns; the extent of copper deficiency is considerably greater in male neonates than in female neonates. 8. Toxicosis of pregnancy does not correlate with the copper concentration in the whole blood or serum of mother and child.

Apgar Score↗
PubMed1979

[Investigations of the connection between the quality of protein, the protein level and endogenous N-excretion].

The influence of various protein qualities as well as of different levels of protein on the amount of endogenous N-excretion, metabolic fecal nitrogen (MFN) and endogenous urinary N (EUN) was determined at growing albino rats. The test rations were labelled with admixtures of 15N-DL-methionine resp. 15N-DL-lysine or contained feed protein enriched with 15N. EUN and MFN and their sum (the N maintenance requirement) showed the influence of the respective protein source and its dependence on the protein level. The endogenous N-excretions showed an opposite tendency to the N-balance; for high-quality protein feedstuffs with a high N-balance (e.g. dried eggs) they are lower than for protein source of inferior quality, with a low N-balance only (e.g. wheat gluten). Presumably this interaction of retention and maintenance is due to the complementary effect of exogenous and endogenous amino acids in the N-resp. amino acid-pool. Provided that the N-dose and the liver weight of the animals are comparable, the N-balance appears to be more suitable as parameter for the description of the protein quality and the calculation of the protein utilisation than N-retention, as the sum of N-balance and the values of MFN and EUN (depending on the feedstuffs and the N-level).

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1979

[Control of parturition in swine. 2. Study results of parturition synchronization in swine with the prostaglandin analog cloprostenol (I.C.I. 80.996: Estrumate)].

Premature parturition was induced in 115 of 121 sows (95%) that had been given injections of 150 microgram or 200 microgram of "Estrumate", a prostaglandin analogues, on the 112th and 113th days of gestation. The average time that elapsed between injection and parturition of those 115 animals was 27.2 +/- 7.7 hours, with no difference being observed between gilts, on the one hand, and old sows, on the other. The time of gestation of the treated animals was shortened with significance from 114.6 +/- 1.6 days for the controls to 113.2 +/- 0.4 days. The average duration of parturition proper was 3.7 +/- 2.2 hours, the average litter being 11.2 +/- 3.3 piglets. The total number of piglets born was 1,320, with stillbirths accounting for 4.17%. The average weight at birth, 1,330 +/- 210 g, and the weight at weaning did not differ from weight figures recorded from the controls. The courses of parturition and puerperium were in agreement with normal biological standards. The sows treated were tested for their blood counts close to full term and for their endometrial histomorphology after weaning, with no side effects of "Estrumate" treatment being established. The behaviours of progesterone, 17-beta oestradiol, and cortisol in serum of "Estrumate"-treated sows were investigated, and congruence was established between spontaneous and prostaglandin-induced parturitions, which was in agreement with international literature. The conclusion is that 150 micrograms of 'Estrumate", administered to swine, after the 11th day of gestation has very good labour-inducing effects and ensures normal physiological parturition and piglet development.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Nitrogen and amino acid resorption by swine. 4. Amino acid resorption].

The seeming and the actual absorption of amino acids of three pigs with a body mass of 50 kg was determined by inserting re-entrant cannulas at the upper small intestine and its end. The test ration contained dry curds labelled with 15N. The content of N and of amino acids as well as the 15N-excess in the amino acids were determined in the food and the chyme. This served the ascertainment of the actual absorption of amino acids in the small intestines.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1978

[Nitrogen and amino acid absorption in swine. 3. Endogenous secretion and absorption of nitrogen].

The endogenous nitrogen in the duodenum and the distal segment of the small intestine of 3 fistulated pigs fed a 15-N-labelled feed protein was determined using the isotope dilution technique. Over 24 hours, the endogenous N secretion was found at least 12.5 g at the end of the duodenum. For the upper segment of the small intestine, a statistically secured correlation between endogenous nitrogen and chyme amount was found to exist. It was possible to determine the true and apparent absorption of the nitrogen for both individual segments of and the whole digestive tract.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1978

[Studies on nitrogen and amino-acid absorption in the swine. Part 1. Passage of the chyme in the small intestine].

Three female pigs of about 50 kg liveweight were provided with re-entrant canulas in the upper and lower sections of the small intestine and were catheterized to collect urine and blood (vena jugularis). After feeding once the experimental diet containing 15N-labelled, fat extracted dry curd as protein component, it was possible to determine, on two days, the chyme passed through the canulas and to separate aliquote portions thereof for analysis. The cellulose contained in the food was used as indicator for the passage rate of the chyme in the small intestine. The passage rates in the small intestine calculated from the amounts of cellulose and chyme were found to agree fairly well. The passage rates in the upper part of the small intestine were characterized by strongly marked, short-time peaks, right after feed intake, and by periods of relatively even chyme flow some eight hours after feeding. At the end of the small intestine almost constant chyme passage rates were observed over the whole experimental period.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1978

[Studies on nitrogen and amino-acid absorption in the swine. Part 2. The course of 15 N labeling in the chyme, urine and blood].

Three female pigs provided with re-entrant canulas at the beginning and the end of the small intestine and catheterized for blood and urine collection were once fed a 15N-labelled mixed diet. Until 48 hours after feed intake chyme from the canulas and urine and blood were collected at varying intervals. All 15N-frequencies measured in the duodenal chyme were found to be below the labelling of the feed protein. Until 11 hours after intake of the labelled feed, the residue obtained by centrifugation of the intestinal contents revealed the highest 15N-labelling. Only slight differences were found in the frequencies of the other fractions (proteins, peptides, free amino acids). The almost constant labelling of all fractions in that period is indicative of a dilution with endogenous nitrogen being constant in comparison with food N. The 15N-frequencies of the chyme fractions observed at the end of the small intestine allowed to conclude that the breakdown of the food proteins is more complete than the disintegration of the endogenous proteins.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1978

[Haemodialysis in acute renal failure; technique and surveillance (author's transl)].

Access to the blood stream for haemodialysis is generally via an arterio-venous shunt. Experience has shown that the introduction of two Shaldon catheters (with a modified Seldinger technique) into the upper caval system does not require special surgical knowledge and shortens and simplifies the preparations for haemodialysis in acute renal failure. As the catheters can easily be changed over guide wires, correction of obstructions and bacteriological examinations of the catheter tips do not present a problem. There were no complications. With this simplified access the acute stage of renal failure can be bridged for up to 6--8 weeks. The diameter of the catheters ensures an adequate flow of 150--200 ml/min. In vitro tests with a modified catheter (not yet available commercially) established 1. that the flow rate could be increased by 45 percent without altering the pressure of the return flow, and 2. that its use did not increase the rate of haemolysis. Incorrect placing of the catheters--the venous limb should be higher, i.e. nearer the heart, than the "arterial" catheter--may raise the re-circulating fraction by 6--18 percent. Since heparinization is necessary for haemodialysis but carries the grave risk of haemorrhages, espeically in the patients of an intensive care unit, it is essential to provide the means for estimating partial thromboplastin time at the bed side. This allows the heparin doses to be sufficiently reduced to obviate haemorrhage during and after haemodialysis.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1976

[On the molecular biology of the ageing. VI. Information. Changes of the protein biosynthesis in the age (author's transl)].

1. Most reports in the literature describe a diminished protein synthesis in the old organism. 2. The diminished protein synthesis may be the result of changes of ribosomes, unequal concentration of endogen m-RNA, changes of the activity or concentration of cytosol factors, especially the influence of SH-substances. 3. The age-dependent changes of protein biosynthesis are dependent on the technique of preparation and on the nutrition state of the organism. 4. Addition of 2-mercaptoethanol during preparation or to the incubation medium decreases the age-dependent differences of protein synthesis.

Aging↗