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Biomedical subjects

R König

Publications and source records attributed to R König.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Do asthmatic patients have deficits in symptom perception? Quasi-experimental and experimental findings on introception of airway obstruction].

Symptom perception of asthmatic patients was investigated in a quasi-experimental and in two experimental studies. Simultaneous ratings and measurements of airways obstruction assessed during an inhalative provocation test were correlated in the first study, in the two latter studies psychophysical parameters of the perception of external flow-resistive loads were determined for asthmatic patients and normal controls. These are the main results: 1. Most of the asthmatic patients are rather poor in discriminating provoked airways obstructions which results in a negative coping with the illness. 2. Asthmatic patients are slightly poorer in discriminating flow-resistive loads than healthy controls. 3. A distinct tendency of asthmatic patients to dissimulation found in the first study could not be confirmed in the two experiments.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Prevention of alcoholism as a social, communicational and structural problem in industry].

To promote effective aid to alcohol-dependents in a company it is essential to treat the problem "alcohol in the office, workshops and plant" not only as a problem concerning the alcohol-dependents and addicts, but as a problem that has to be jointly tackled by all the company divisions involved and by all the echelons of the firm. It has become evident that the multiplicator directly involved in helping alcohol-dependents must take into consideration the structure and group dynamics within the company before they can work efficiently. The following report deals with the difficulties within a company that are linked to this problem area. Examples serve to show how poorly efficient any aid to alcohol-dependents can be if the persons involved fail to see clearly which prerequisites and approaches are essential. Advice is given how to avoid such pitfalls and misunderstandings.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1990

Townes-Brocks syndrome.

A 2-week-old male is presented with the clinical findings of the autosomal dominant Townes-Brocks syndrome in an otherwise unaffected family. The patient showed the full spectrum of anomalies including imperforate anus, perineal fistula, triphalangeal thumb, preaxial polydactyly, pre-auricular tags, and microtia. As there is considerable overlap with the VACTERL association, careful examination of the parents is necessary with regard to the genetic counselling risk.

Anus, Imperforate↗
PubMed1990

Subfractionation of serum bilirubins by alkaline methanolysis and thin-layer chromatography. An aid in the differential diagnosis of icteric diseases.

The determination of direct and indirect-reacting bilirubin fractions by diazo procedures does not allow a definite diagnosis of icteric diseases. Therefore, the clinical relevance of serum bilirubin subfractionation by alkaline methanolysis and subsequent thin-layer chromatography (AM-TLC) was evaluated. Esterified bilirubins could be detected and quantitated in all serum samples investigated. The ratio of serum esterified to total bilirubin was 10-28% in 60 healthy adults (mean 17 +/- 5% S.D.), 1-11% in 77 patients with Gilbert's syndrome (mean 6 +/- 2%), and 2 and 3%, respectively, in two patients with Crigler-Najjar disease type II. The difference was highly significant (p less than 0.001) and the overlap was restricted to three of 139 individuals. The ratio of esterified to total bilirubin was similar to that obtained with HPLC when corrected for with a blank run. The absolute concentration of bilirubin esters in serum from Gilbert's syndrome patients was similar to that from healthy controls, but the unconjugated pigment was increased. In patients with chronic haemolysis (n = 9) and chronic persistent hepatitis (n = 12), the hyperbilirubinaemia consisted of a proportional increase of both unconjugated and esterified bilirubin. As such, the ratio of conjugated to total bilirubin was not significantly different from control values. Patients with acute hepatitis during the first (n = 18) and third ('remission') week of the disease (n = 15), liver cirrhosis (n = 34), and extrahepatic cholestasis (n = 20) predominantly showed an increase in bilirubin conjugates.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[A solitary central maxillary incisor and holoprosencephaly in siblings].

In families in which holoprosencephaly seems to be inherited by a rare dominant autosomal mutation, some individuals exhibit a single central maxillary incisor (SCMI). This anomaly was considered a minimal manifestation of the gene for holoprosencephaly. We report on a family, in which one child suffered from median cleft lip and palate and alobar holoprosencephaly, whereas the other child only had a SCMI. In the father and his sister lateral upper incisors were absent. Therefore the question is raised as to whether this anomaly may be related to the same condition.

Anodontia↗
PubMed1990

[Image analysis study of squamous epithelial cells in cytological smears of the uterine cervix].

The automated image analysis is a method, which may model essential effects of the cytologist's perception, combined with an increase of objectivity. We studied 9136 epithelial cells from 105 suspension smears of the cervix by means of image analysis. The results show that the process of maturation of squamous cells can be represented by image analysis parameters. Such a model enables an opposition of processes of differentiation and dedifferentiation. Furthermore subvisual changes in visual inconspicuous intermediate cells can be proved, too which appear in different degree correlated with the grade of dedifferentiation. At present a study is designed to investigate cases without any atypical cells, but having been classified as "positive cases" by the evaluation of intermediate cells in a long term follow-up.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1990

Application of malignancy-associated changes of the cervical epithelium in a hierarchic classification concept.

For almost 10 years malignancy-associated changes (MAC) have been consistently found by means of high resolution image analysis of apparently normal uterine cervical cells. This study was performed on Feulgen-stained monolayer specimens from 55 healthy women and 19 patients suffering from various stages of cervical neoplasia. About 200 epithelial cells and 30 trout red blood cells in each case were measured by image cytometry at a spatial resolution of 0.27 micron. The philosophy of classification is based on the hierarchic stepwise definition of 'truly normal' specimens by removal of all suspicious specimens, characterized by the presence of atypical cells or subvisually altered cell populations. The suitability of MAC-sensitive classifiers, in combination with classifiers for the recognition of atypical cells, was demonstrated. The demands of automated prescreening were met by several decision tree procedures (95-100% sensitivity, 85-95% specificity). By focussing on the MAC evidence a new risk group from seemingly healthy women may be defined.

Cervix Uteri↗
PubMed1989

Overexpression and biosynthesis of CD4 in Chinese hamster ovary cells: coamplification using the multiple drug resistance gene.

CD4 is a T-cell surface glycoprotein and serves as the receptor for the human immunodeficiency virus. Glycosylation of CD4 has been shown to be necessary for proper surface expression. To study the biosynthesis and assembly of CD4, wild-type and glycosylation-deficient mutant Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were cotransfected with a cDNA encoding CD4 and a cDNA for the human multiple drug resistance gene, which allowed the amplification of the transfected CD4 cDNA sequences. Clones were isolated that exhibited high-level expression of CD4 resulting from the integration of several copies of CD4 cDNA. CD4 synthesized by these cells acquired resistance to endoglycosidase H after 20-30 min of chase, suggesting a rapid translocation of the glycoprotein from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the medial Golgi apparatus. The sensitivity of CD4 to glycosidases suggested the presence of biantennary unsialylated complex-type oligosaccharides. Consistent with this, CD4 synthesized by the Lec2 mutant, which does not add sialic acid to oligosaccharides, was identical to the glycoprotein produced by wild-type CHO cells. The amplification strategy used to express CD4 at high levels in wild-type and mutant CHO cells will have general utility.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Glycosylation of CD4. Tunicamycin inhibits surface expression.

The T-cell surface glycoprotein CD4 plays an important role in mediating cellular immunity and serves as the receptor for human immunodeficiency virus. We have examined the glycosylation of CD4 and asked whether carbohydrate addition is essential for proper expression of the glycoprotein on the cell membrane. Under conditions where treatment of CD4+ human acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells (CEM-CM3 cells) with the glycosylation inhibitor tunicamycin decreased surface expression of CD4 in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, the surface expression of several other glycoproteins was unaffected. Incubation with tunicamycin for 48 h inhibited mannose incorporation by 98%, caused a 76% decrease in CD4 surface expression as judged by flow cytometry, and had little effect on methionine incorporation. Scatchard analysis showed a decrease in the total number of CD4 molecules on the cell surface from 17,000 to 8,900 after 24 h of tunicamycin treatment. Immunoprecipitation of metabolically labeled CD4 revealed the presence of an unglycosylated precursor in tunicamycin-treated cells. The observed difference between the Mr of the glycoprotein and its precursor is consistent with glycosylation at two potential N-linked sites. However, this precursor could not be detected by measuring steady state levels by immunoblotting. Also, no intracellular accumulation of CD4 in tunicamycin-treated cells was detectable using immunofluorescence microscopy. We conclude that surface expression of CD4 depends on glycosylation of the protein and that the unglycosylated precursor is preferentially degraded.

Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte↗
PubMed1988

Frequency and diagnostic reliability of subvisual morphologic markers for malignancy in the cervical epithelium.

Nowadays the existence of malignancy associated changes in the epithelium of the cervix uteri is commonly accepted. There are some differences in the view about the nature of these changes. Some hints were given by previous studies for the epithelial changes to exhibit possibly early preneoplastic aspects. In this study subvisually morphologic changes were detected in intermediate cells of the cervical smears by means of image analysis (ZYPAB-3-system). Our investigations on 117 patients suffering from cervical neoplasias as well as healthy controls have shown that the malignancy associated changes are not only limited to about two third of patients with cervical neoplasias but also existent in close to a fourth of healthy women. Those healthy people are considered to be at higher risk for developing a cervical neoplasia than other healthy women.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1987

[Diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency with the growth hormone releasing factor GRF 1-40. The potentials and limits].

Eleven patients with constitutionally delayed development, seven patients with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency and ten patients with craniopharyngeoma received growth hormone releasing factor GRF 1-40 in a dose of 1 micrograms/kg body weight as a bolus injection. In the patients with constitutionally delayed development, a mean maximum HGH value of 86.7 microU/ml was measured 30 minutes after GRF injection. Considerably higher HGH stimulation values were thus obtained after GRF than with conventional stimulation methods. In the patients with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency or craniopharyngeoma, there was mostly only a slight rise of the growth hormone level with a delayed onset. Merely two patients with craniopharyngeoma could be adequately stimulated in accordance with conventional criteria (HGH greater than 12 microU/ml), although their values also remained markedly below those of the patients with constitutionally delayed development. Both patients had somatomedin C values which were below that normal for their age; together with the delayed rise in HGH after GRF, this allowed diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Nuclear magnetic resonance tomography anatomy of the knee and ankle joints].

Soft tissue and osseous structures of joints can be differentiated by magnetic resonance tomography. Knee and ankle joints of three volunteers were systematically examined using a head coil at 1.5 Tesla and spin echo mode. Slice thickness was 5 mm. The anatomical details which could be visualized are described and directions for the most useful slices are indicated.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1987

[Use of the excimer laser in experimental laser angioplasty].

XeCl-excimer laser produce pulsed far uv-light (wave length lambda = 308 nm). Biophysical effects were studied on arteriosclerotic human cadaver aortic and coronary vessels. Ablative photodecomposition results in cleanliness of the incisions with minimal thermal side effects.

Aorta, Thoracic↗
PubMed1986

[Magnetic resonance tomography (MRT) and computed tomography (CT) of bronchial carcinoma. Comparison of the value of both study methods for preoperative staging].

Fifty patients with histologically proven bronchial carcinomas were examined by CT and MRT for preoperative T-staging and N-staging. CT and MRT provided the same classification in 87% of the T2 tumours, 78% of T3, 71% of N0, 74% of N1 and 100% of N2 tumours. MRT had advantages for demonstrating tumours at the apices, for central tumours and for demonstrating hilar and some mediastinal lymph node enlargement. CT was better at demonstrating small pulmonary metastases, small basal pleural effusions and also in showing pulmonary structure and bone lesions.

Adenocarcinoma↗