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Biomedical subjects

R Kerr

Publications and source records attributed to R Kerr.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Down syndrome and extended practice of a complex motor task.

Mentally retarded subjects with and without Down syndrome made 2,400 responses on a discrete pursuit-tracking task. Both groups showed significant improvement on the task such that their performance was comparable to nonretarded subjects at the same functional level. Although the previously noted failure (Blais & Kerr, 1986; Kerr & Blais, 1985) of the subjects with Down syndrome to spontaneously use the directional probability information available in the task was moderated, differences remained that may reflect processing limitations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

The architecture of the proximal femur: an imaging analysis.

The proximal femur is a dynamic region whose internal architecture reflects the biomechanical demands of weight-bearing. It is composed of two major trabecular systems arranged along the lines of compressive and tensile stresses. Adaptive alterations in these trabeculae occur in a variety of disorders, including osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and ischemic necrosis. Plain film radiography and computed tomography (CT) have been utilized to study these changes and provide insight into the pathophysiology of these disorders. Analysis of the order of resorption of trabeculae in osteoporosis, the proliferation of trabeculae in osteoarthritis, and the reparative changes in ischemic necrosis often allows accurate assessment of the severity of involvement and can give valuable information to aid treatment planning.

Femoral Neck Fractures↗
PubMed1986

Computerized tomography of proximal femoral trabecular patterns.

A comprehensive imaging and pathologic investigation utilizing patients and cadaver material was performed in order to identify the normal trabecular pattern of the proximal femur and to assess alterations in this pattern in various disorders. Patients and specimens were studied with computed tomography (CT), including three-dimensional CT image reconstruction in selected cases and plain film radiography. The CT imaging of the proximal femur provides insight into the dynamic state of bone in this region. Despite limited resolution, three-dimensional CT image reconstruction is capable of portraying the concentration and orientation of major trabeculae in the proximal femur. Increased trabecular spacing occurs in osteoporosis and is well depicted by CT. Proliferation and thickening of the most superior subchondral primary compressive trabeculae is an early sign of osteoarthritis. In the region of the calcar femorale, crossing trabeculae, similar to the appearance of an enchondroma or bone infarct, have been described in osteoporosis and osteoarthritis and probably represent unmasking of normally present reinforcing trabeculae. In ischemic necrosis, CT should be considered a useful modality for detection of early or mild alterations and may be valuable in treatment planning.

Cadaver↗
PubMed1986

Sternocostoclavicular hyperostosis: a review and report of 11 cases.

Sternocostoclavicular hyperostosis is a benign ossifying diathesis of unknown etiology characterized by hyperostosis and soft-tissue ossification between the clavicles, anterior portion of the upper ribs, and manubrium, with variable hyperostosis or ankylosis in the spine and sacroiliac joints. Our cumulative experience with 11 cases is reported, with emphasis on radiographic features of the condition. Scintigraphic results in five patients and computed tomographic findings in one patient are presented. A review of the literature and our own material indicates that sternocostoclavicular hyperostosis may be more common than has been previously recognized.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

An evaluation of orcein methods for demonstrating hepatitis B surface antigen and copper-associated protein in human liver.

Difficulties were encountered with the orcein method currently being used to demonstrate hepatitis B surface antigen and copper-associated protein in the liver when a new batch of dye was introduced. A survey of published material produced a plethora of methods with many contradictory recommendations. A number of methods and a variety of orceins were compared to determine which methods and orcein solutions would give the most consistent results. Two methods gave equally satisfactory results and can be recommended for routine use in screening paraffin sections of liver for hepatitis B surface antigen and copper-associated protein.

Hepatitis B↗
PubMed1985

Sliding-screw plate fixation of proximal femoral fractures: radiographic assessment.

The sliding compression screw-sideplate combination is currently the most widely employed device for internal fixation of stable and unstable intertrochanteric fractures of the femur. The normal and abnormal radiographic appearances of this device in the immediate post-operative period are discussed. Potential long-term complications including mal- or non-union, intra-articular penetration, metal failure, rotation of the proximal fracture fragment, disengagement, trochanteric bursitis, leg length discrepancy, delayed cervical stress fracture, and ischemic necrosis are reviewed.

Bone Plates↗
PubMed1985

Osteomyelitis and septic arthritis of the hand following human bites.

The spectrum of radiographic abnormalities accompanying bone and joint infection that results from human bites of the hand is presented in an analysis of 13 patients. Features include mono-articular involvement, predilection for a metacarpophalangeal joint, soft tissue swelling, joint space narrowing, bone erosions and periostitis. Magnification techniques may be required for early and accurate diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Plantar compartmental infection in the diabetic foot. The role of computed tomography.

This review discusses the role of computed tomography (CT) in the evaluation of extent of plantar soft tissue infection in the diabetic foot. CT abnormalities are correlated with conventional radiography, results of preoperative aspiration cultures, intraoperative assessment, and bone, gallium, and 111In-leukocyte scan findings. Plantar soft tissue disease respects compartmental boundaries in general, with transcompartmental spread possible along musculotendinous units that normally transgress the intervening fascial septae. CT correlates well with the extent of infection as determined by other modalities, but cannot precisely predict its proximal boundary due to gradual transition between unequivocally abnormal and normal tissue. CT may be useful in establishing an appropriate level for contemplated amputation and can detect extension of superficial diabetic foot infections at an earlier stage than existing clinical methods, potentially resulting in less extensive surgical procedures.

Bacterial Infections↗