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Biomedical subjects

R Kohnen

Publications and source records attributed to R Kohnen.

66 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Defining tranquilizers operationally by non additive effect in experimental stress situations.

Clinically and theoretically, a tranquilizer should be more effective under stress than under non stress conditions. By transformation into a statistical non additivity equivalent, a 2 X 3 factorial design was derived with a drug factor (Cloxazolam as a tranquilizer) and a social stress factor. The results in healthy young subjects show a significant drug- x -stress interaction, indicating the non additivity of both treatments. Psychological interpretations, according to Yerkes-Dodson law, and therapeutic and experimental conclusions are added.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Clinico-physiological sleep- and hangover-spectra from pentobarbital, promazin and their combination, as reflected by self-ratings of young and elderly subjects (author's transl)].

A sample of 8 young and 8 elderly subjects was examined in a 2x2x2 factorial design, whether and how promazine interacts with pentobarbital as a hypnotic agent. Analyses of self-reports led to the following conclusions: 1. Young subjects and not experience any significant effects from either the single components (pentobarbital, promazine) and/or their combination. 2. Elderly subjects experienced positive effects in sleep and hangover parameters under the single components as well as under the combination. Consequences for research in clincal psychopharmacology are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Voluntary description of drug effects as a method in clinical trials. Presented using the example of pentobarbital, promazine and their combination].

Free description of drug effects is suggested as a method in which subjects or patients describe spontaneously the effects of psychotropic drugs from their own experience with their own verbal concepts. The method is exposed in detail and examplified by examination of pentobarbitone, promazine and their combination (Norkotral). The results of the free description method have psychological as well as psychopharmacological plausibility. It is suggested to implement the method as a new means of clinical research in psychopharmacology.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1979

The effects of alcohol and caffeine on concentration test performance.

Within a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial design using two treatment factors, alcohol vs. placebo and caffeine vs. placebo, with stratification for sex as a non-treatment factor in 2 x 2 x 2 groups of 7 students each, concentration test performance was measured by an arithmetic test. The interesting result was a second-order interaction between the three factors: alcohol as well as caffeine decreased concentration in males; combined treatment performance was interpreted synergistically. For females, alcohol as well as caffeine increased concentration while the combination of both had an antagonistic effect.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Free description of drug effects and description by questionaire of a sleep inducer (flurazepam) by normal test subjects (author's transl)].

Giving flurazepam and placebo to students as subjects, the free description of drug-effects (FD) was compared to the description by a questionaire (QD). The results were: 1. The FD-method was more informative than the QD-method. 2. The FD-method induced less frequent placebo effects and more frequent verum-non-effects than did the QD-method. 3. The results (1) and (2) based mainly on the variables time-to fall-asleep, subjective quality of sleep and total time of sleep, in which variables flurazepam differed significantly from placebo.

Anti-Anxiety Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The primary care evaluation of mental disorders (PRIME-MD), German version: a comparison with the CIDI.

There is a need for the development and evaluation of diagnostic instruments suitable for daily use in primary care offices that can improve recognition rates of psychopathology. The objective of this study is the comparison of the German version of the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (PRIME-MD), a short structured diagnostic instrument, with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) and to gather some information on the usefulness of the PRIME-MD. Seven hundred and four patients were assessed three times, once using the physician's clinical judgement, subsequently, administering the PRIME-MD, DSM-IV version and finally, with the CIDI. The CIDI was administered on a different occasion within 1 week after the PRIME-MD evaluation by independent interviewers over the telephone. At the end of the study, the participating physicians answered a few feedback questions on the usefulness of PRIME-MD. Sensitivity (0.73), specificity (0.67), overall accuracy (0.70) were good for any psychiatric disorder. According to the diagnostic categories of mood disorders, anxiety disorders, eating disorders, and alcohol-related disorders, the sensitivity of PRIME-MD was good (0.67-0.80). For somatoform disorders, sensitivity was poor. Specificity, accuracy, and negative predictive values were good-to-excellent for all diagnostic categories. Kappas range from poor (0.12 somatoform disorders) to satisfactory (0.62 alcohol related disorders). Average time for administering PRIME-MD was 11 min. The results demonstrated that the German version of the PRIME-MD may be useful in primary care settings to enhance recognition of mental disorders by primary care physicians, even without being formally trained in diagnosing mental disorders.

Female↗