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Biomedical subjects

R Kramer

Publications and source records attributed to R Kramer.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Local anesthetic effects of morphine and naloxone].

The effects of both morphine (Mo) and naloxone (Nal), topically applied to the desheathed saphenous nerve, were studied in Sprague-Dawley rats during 22 min of superfusion at various concentrations (Mo: 0.086, 0.28, 0.86, 2.8, 8.6 mM/l; Nal: 0.1, 0.33, 1.0 mM/l) by recording single C-fibres. C-fibres were electrically stimulated and the latencies of action potentials were measured. Both drugs impaired nerve conduction in a dose-dependent, fully reversible manner. At high concentrations, conduction was blocked in 5 of 11 (Mo 2.8 mM/l) and 3 of 8 (Nal 1 mM/l) fibres. Mo (8.6 mM/l) instantly blocked all C-fibres investigated. Subsequent washing out of the drug resulted in complete recovery. The findings indicate that Mo and Nal also show local anaesthetic properties; a non-opiate receptor-specific mechanism is postulated. In spite of their blocking action, at present neither Mo nor Nal seems to provide distinct advantages over other agents that have been used successfully to induce reversible nerve blockade at peripheral sites. Due to the rather high dosage necessary (1-2 mg/ml), well-known side-effects of these opiates must also be taken into consideration.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1984

Identification of subpopulations of human urinary plasminogen activators.

Enzymes functioning as plasminogen activators in commercial urokinase preparations and individual human urine concentrates were subjected to affinity chromatography on columns of lentil lectin-sepharose, ricin-sepharose, wheat germ agglutinin-sepharose, lotus lectin-sepharose and concanavalin A-sepharose. Chromatography of the enzymes from both sources yielded similar results for all lectins except lentil lectin. Urokinase from several commercial sources was approximately 50% adherent to lentil lectin-sepharose while only 5-10% of the urinary plasminogen activators from individuals was adherent to this lectin. SDS-PAGE followed by zymography indicated that the observed differences between commercial and individual samples could be due to the presence in urine concentrates of subpopulations of plasminogen activators which were absent from the commercial samples.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Double-blind multicenter comparison of cyclacillin and amoxicillin for the treatment of acute otitis media.

A multicenter double-blind study of 363 pediatric outpatients with acute otitis media demonstrated that cyclacillin, administered in three divided doses (three times a day) for ten days, is as effective as and better tolerated than a similar regimen of amoxicillin. The bacteriologic cure rate for patients with middle-ear cultures was 98% in both treatment groups. Remission of signs and symptoms was significantly faster in the cyclacillin group (3.1 days) than in the amoxicillin group (4.3 days) (P less than 0.05). Of the 179 children treated with cyclacillin, three (1.7%) had drug-related diarrhea in contrast to 18 of the 184 (9.8%) children treated with amoxicillin (P less than 0.01). Cyclacillin produces a rapid resolution of symptoms and a low incidence of diarrhea.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Quality criteria of phlebography examination methods. Technically conditioned possibilities of error prediction (author's transl)].

The article describes the technical and anatomical limitations of information supplied by phlebography. Injection of contrast medium into the v. mediana hallucis enables optimal contrast medium distribution. The more proximal the site of injection, the greater the uncertainty of achieving continuous filling of the deep veins with contrast medium. Obstructions during compression (ulcer, oedema) may prove an obstacle to the assessment of insufficient v. perforantes due to overfilling of superficial veins with contrast medium. Even without any abnormal finding it is not possible to stain muscle veins and the v. femoris profunda in about 50% of the examinations. Muscular traction can result in deformation of mainly the v. poplitea and hence results in discontinuous filling with contrast medium if the musculature is not properly relaxed. The veins of the thigh and pelvis must be stained with high contrast in a continuous manner, since otherwise occlusions and collaterals are overlooked in an otherwise normal distal phlebogram. Valve motility can be assessed without additional examination measures directly after ascending phlebography during recumbency of the patient.

Contrast Media↗
PubMed1982

[Criteria for diagnostic and therapeutic methods of vascular embolization (kidneys, spleen, liver) (author's transl)].

Basing on the findings in patients with extensive carcinomas of the kidneys, the article reports on the various possibilities of application of occlusion spirals (Gianturco's method), of injectable occlusion materials and a combinations of both methods. In the authors' own experience, the spiral technique has mostly proved successful in achieving embolization of the arteries of the kidney 24 hours before surgery. Both the spiral technique as well as the use of injectable emblizates and a combination of both are used in the treatment of macrohaematurias in non-operable kidney tumours. The article reports on the technical conditions, indication and methodical limitations of embolization of the splenic artery, basing on three actual cases. The conditions and technique of embolization of branches of the hepatic artery are discussed by means of the findings obtained in two patients with liver metastases of an insulinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Detection of entrapped intracardiac air with intraoperative echocardiography.

Embolization of entrapped intracardiac air represents a significant risk to the patient undergoing open heart surgery. To date, there have been no menas available to ensure that the heart is free of air prior to restoration of the circulation. To assess whether M mode echocardiography can accurately detect intracardiac air, we studied 10 dogs during cardiopulmonary bypass. Randomly, air was or was not injected into the left ventricular cavity of the fibrillating heart. Intracardiac air could be recognized by the presence of a stippled granular pattern, or a loss of the discrete linear echoes or decreased far field echoes, or any combination of these three. In all, 131 random observations were made. When 1.0 cc of air was injected, sensitivity and specificity were both 100 percent, but when 0.2 cc was injected, sensitivity and specificity decreased to 86 and 58 percent, respectively. thus, M mode echocardiography appears to provide a sensitive and specific tool for detecting intracardiac air.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Computed tomography in primary reticulum cell sarcoma of the brain.

The CT findings in 16 patients with histologically proved primary central nervous system (CNS) reticulum cell sarcoma (RCS) showed this malignancy to have predilection for the basal ganglia and thalamus, the periventricular white matter, the corpus callosum, and the vermis cerebelli. In 43% of patients with untreated tumor it presented as multifocal lesions; in each of these patients the basal ganglia were involved in conjuction with another site. In the other 57% of patients with untreated tumor presenting as solitary lesions the basal ganglia, the corpus callosum, and the frontal lobe were sites of predilection. Such solitary lesions may be indistinguishable from other tumors. Contrast enhancement of RCS was characteristically homogeneous with rare lucency, even in very large lesions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Clinical utility of the WISC-R and the French Pictorial Test of Intelligence with native American primary grade children.

Cultural bias and the clinical utility of the WISC-R and French Pictorial Test of Intelligence were evaluated using scores of 22 male and 22 female Navajo primary grade children. There were no significant differences in performance on either test according to sex. As expected, the Verbal IQ and Full Scale IQ of the WISC-R and the Deviation IQ of the French provided significantly depressed estimates of ability. A prorated Performance IQ might be the least depressed measure of potential among these children.

Child↗