Biomedical subjects
R Krause
Publications and source records attributed to R Krause.
Brain tryptophan and the neoplastic anorexia-cachexia syndrome.
The cause of anorexia associated with neoplasia is unknown, and some investigators have suggested a central mechanism. Recent neurophysiologic studies have revealed the possible role of serotoninergic system involving tryptophan (TRP) and its indole neurotransmitter metabolites in regulating particular aspects of feeding behavior. We therefore studied plasma and brain factors affecting TRP transport through the blood-brain barrier (plasma free and total TRP, albumin, nonesterified fatty acids, plasma neutral amino acids, brain uptake index [BUI] for TRP) and central serotonin metabolism (5-HT, 5-HIAA) in young, anorexic rats bearing the Walker-256 tumor injected intramuscularly. Plasma free TRP, but not plasma total TRP, and, more important, brain TRP and brain 5-HIAA were significantly higher in tumor-bearing rats than in pair-fed control animals. The results suggest an association between altered brain TRP metabolism and feeding behavior in tumor-related anorexia.
A new technique for performing end enterostomies using a stapling device.
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Comparative distribution of LH-RH and somatostatin in the supraoptic crest (OVLT) of the rat.
Adjacent serial sections of the organum vasculosum laminal terminalis (OVLT) of the rat were incubated with antisera of luteinizing-hormone--releasing-hormone (LH-RH) and somatostatin and stained by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique. The distribution patterns of the two oligopeptides show distinct differences, as already found in the median eminence. A denser, more centrally placed somatostatin deposit is surrounded by a more extensive, looser, more peripheral one of LH0RH. These differences in distribution may reflect an anatomical basis for the differing effects of various manipulations on the OVLT and median eminence stores.
Reversibility of changes in evoked spinal response following graded spinal cord compression.
The spinal evoked response obtained in cats at a site immediately rostral to the site of a graded spinal cord compression is described. They usually show an earlier decrease in amplitude than cortical SEP's and the appearance of a particular positive potential. The degree of reversibility after decompression is variable and is not correlated with histological damage.
Plasma and brain amino acids in Walker 256 carcinosarcoma-bearing rats.
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Prevention of radiation enteritis after abdominoperineal resection and radiotherapy.
The method described, aimed at preventing radiation enteritis in patients undergoing radiotherapy, postabdominoperineal resection is simple enough, does not materially prolong the time of operation and in our experience, thus far, seems to be effective.
[The relationship between mental health, socialization and creativity].
It is shown, that there are two traditions of thought in research as well as in psychotherapy which foster different assumptions about the relationship between a persons creativity and his mental well-being and between his creativity and the child-rearing practice of his parents. One tradition suggests that most creative people have experienced more intense suffering during childhood than others. The other tradition takes the opposite position, that a permissive, non-authoritarian home environment is most conducive for later creativity. Results of empirical research relevant to this questions have been contradictory, partly due to considerable methodological difficulties, and partly due to the ideological biasis of the experimenters and reviewers. Our own research on the child rearing practices and attitudes related to creative/non-creative 12-year old children of both sexes, as measured by questionnaires and observations of mother-child interaction, opposes the latter tradition. We have observed that mothers of high creative children behave more active and evaluating when engaged in dyadic problem solving situations with their children, and this pattern is symmetrically reflected in the behavior of their children. Mothers of low creative children, however, interact in a more guarded and cautious manner, yet with more visible demonstrations of positive affect. Questionnaire data on the fathers' attitudes on child-rearing seems to oppose the belief that creative children have permissive, non-authoritarian fathers.
[Technic and organization of parenteral feeding].
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Correlation between the effects of neuroleptics on prolactin release, mammary stimulation and the vaginal cycle in rats.
The correlation between hyperprolactinaemia induced by the administration of neuroleptic drugs, disturbances of the vaginal cycle and mammary gland stimulation in rats was investigated as a test model simulating the clinical syndrome of hyperprolactinaemia and amenorrhoea with anovulation. In acute experiments in which clozapine, sulpiride and chlorpromazine were administered orally to rats of both sexes, there were rapid increases in the level of prolactin in the serum with peak values between 15 and 60 min. The responses of female rats to various doses of sulpiride were consistently higher than those of male rats. Hyperprolactinaemia induced by sulpiride in dioestrous rats failed to desensitize the ovaries to the ovulatory effect of exogenous luteinizing hormone releasing hormone. Studies of these substances and of metoclopramide, haloperidol and thioridazine were then carried out in females rats by daily oral administration over a period of 13 days. The increases in the level of prolactin in the serum were paralleled by disruption of the vaginal cycle up to and including constant dioestrus and by mammary gland stimulation which, like the preceding phenomena, showed dose-dependence. The potencies of these six neuroleptics, as estimated from their effects on the mammary gland, appeared to be haloperidol greater than sulpiride greater than or equal to metoclopramide = thioridazine greater than chlorpromazine greater than clozapine.
Occurrence of biogenic amines in the pancreatic islets of sand rats (Psammomys obesus).
The islets of Langerhans of sand rats (Psammomys obesus) have been investigated ultrahistochemically in order to demonstrate biogenic amines. It could be found that amine-containing vesicles with a diameter of 600-700 nm from the type of catecholamine-granules exist in A-cells as well as in B-cells. It can be stated that the sand rat belongs to the species containing amines in A- and B-cells. The importance of the amines for the regulation of the hormone secretion of the islets of Langerhans is discussed and the connections to diabetes mellitus are referred too.
[Occurrence of pseudoisocyanine-positive endocrine cells in the midgut of the hamster (Cricelulus griseus) (author's transl)].
Pseudoisocyanine-reacting cells could be identified in the intestinal glands of the upper duodenum of the hamster (Cricetulus griseus). These cells contain numerous granules as carrier substances of the colouring pigments. Presumable these cells are insulin-producing cells.
[A group-behavior-psychotherapy concept: treatment of psychosomatic disorders].
The paper concerns with group-behavior-therapy with patients having psychosomatic disorders. The therapy was applied to two groups. The therapy has not been fully standardized but individual differences of each client's behavior-analysis was taken into account. The clients were to learn the understanding of the development of their symptoms and the conditions under which the symptoms remained and changed. Clients should help each other as co-therapists. The group-therapy was divided into three parts: (1) communication-training in the group, (2) introduction to the basic principles of learning, (3) application of special therapeutic methods. The therapy procedure as well as the results of the first follow-up are reported. The concept of group-therapy is discussed.
[Evidence of pseudoisocyanine--positive endocrine cells in the gastric mucosa of the dog].
The tunica mucosa of the stomach and the other parts of the intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum colon) of the dog has been investigated in order t to demonstrate insulin producing cells. By means of thepseudoisocyanine-reaction it was possible to visualize in the lamina epithelialis of the stomach singular cells containing metachromatically reacting granules. It was possible to distinguish these cells from mast cells localised outside of the lamina epithelialis of the tunica mucosa. The value of this observation is given by the fact that until now hormone producing cells could be demonstrated in the laimina epithelialis of stomach and intestine of mammalia with exception of insulin-producing cells.
Ovulation induction with LH-RH in rats rendered acyclic by hypophysial grafts.
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[Psychological research and treatment of stuttering].
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The verification of neurones in the pancreas of spiny mice (Acomys cahirinus).
The statement that up to now no neural elements could be identified in the islets of Langerhans with the aid of electron microscopy led us to reinvestigate this question of innervation of the pancreas in spiny mice using light microscopy. Single nerve cells as well as nerve fibre bundles could be found in the interlobular connective tissue of the pancreas. By constrast, we could observe neither nerve cells nor nerve fibres in the islets of Langerhans. Extrainsular neuroinsular complexes could not be found either.
[Histological findings in the cock's womb experimentally infected with Candida albicans].
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