PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

R Kreutz

Publications and source records attributed to R Kreutz.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Analysis of the envelope region of the highly divergent HIV-2ALT isolate extends the known range of variability within the primate immunodeficiency viruses.

HIV-2ALT is a highly divergent HIV-2-related isolate that is genetically equidistant to the prototypic HIV-2 strains, defined by HIV-2ROD, and to the simian immunodeficiency viruses SIVmac and SIVsm. We have now cloned and sequenced the envelope region of HIV-2ALT, thus completing the analysis of the whole viral genome. The sequences of env and nef and of the second exons of tat and rev were compared with those of the other viruses of the HIV-2/SIVsm/SIVmac group. Despite of the high degree of variation of HIV-2ALT, functional domains of the genes are conserved. Although in env, the overall pattern of constant and variable domains is maintained, many single amino acid exchanges exist at positions previously thought to be constant in HIV-2 strains. In addition, when compared with a broader spectrum of immunodeficiency viruses, which includes SIVMND from mandrill and SIVAGM from African green monkey, HIV-2ALT Env has a high percentage of amino acid exchanges, which are unique to this strain. This underlines the separate branch of HIV-2ALT within the phylogenetic tree and makes obvious the inclusion of such divergent strains in preventive and therapeutic programs.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Molecular genetics of hypertension.

During the last decades the evidence that a genetic component contributes to the development of primary hypertension has been accumulating. The identification of the genes involved in blood pressure regulation, however, is only starting to emerge. The recent advances in recombinant DNA technology provide new molecular genetic strategies in cardiovascular research. In this review we will discuss the testing of candidate genes in vivo by transgenic techniques. Furthermore, we will describe the possibilities to identify the genes implicated in primary hypertension by genetic linkage analysis using polymorphic DNA markers.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Molecular cloning of two west African human immunodeficiency virus type 2 isolates that replicate well in macrophages: a Gambian isolate, from a patient with neurologic acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and a highly divergent Ghanian isolate.

Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2)-related viruses were isolated from a Gambian dying of exclusively neurological disease (HIV-2D194) and from an asymptomatic Ghanian (HIV-2D205). Both strains exhibited properties of HIV-1 biological subtype c: they grew slowly and induced few or no syncytia but eventually produced high levels of particle-associated reverse transcriptase in cultures of fresh peripheral blood lymphocytes, and they established stable infection of T-lymphoma (HUT-78) and monocytic (U937) cell lines. Each produced even higher levels of reverse transcriptase when fresh human monocytes/macrophages were used as target cells. The viruses were molecularly cloned after a single passage in culture, in order to minimize in vitro selection of subtypes present in vivo. Restriction-site analysis showed heterogeneity within each isolate. Nucleotide sequence analysis of a portion of the HIV-2D194 genome revealed that it is a member of the prototypic HIV-2 family, displaying 13% divergence versus HIV-2ROD and HIV-2NIHZ, as compared to 9% divergence between HIV-2ROD and HIV-2NIHZ. In contrast, HIV-2D205 is the most highly divergent HIV-2 strain yet described: it is equidistant in relation between the known HIV-2 strains and the simian immunodeficiency virus isolates from rhesus macaque monkeys (23-25% divergence).

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1981

[Cartilage channels of the human patella up to birth].

In the human patella from the 4th month up to the birth were examined contents and surrounding structures of vascular channels. Except the articular area the cartilage of the patella is covered by the perichondrium. From here mesenchym and blood vessels enter, and penetrate into the cartilage by forming channels. Dependent on the stages of development the construction of cartilage around the channels is different in comparison with other territories. The findings will be compared with the results from the channels in the cartilaginous anlage of different bones.

Cartilage↗
PubMed1981

[Investigation on the influence of trimethoprim at the intrauterine development in the rat (author's transl)].

The present investigations was made to check the effects of repeated oral applications of the chemotherapeutic effective pirimidinsubstance trimethoprim (pure substance) at the intrauterine development in the wistar rat. The agent was given with a throat tube suspended in hydroxyacetylcellulose from the 5th to the 7th, from the 8th to the 10th and from the 11th to the 13th day p. c. The dosage was 1,500, 1,000, 750 and 200 mg trimethoprim per kg bodyweight. The valuation of the fetal development was made after the subsequent parameters: mean implantationrate, resorptionrate, mean fetal bodyweight. Statement of anomalies by inspection of the body surface shape and the brightened skeleton. The dosage of 200 mg TMP/kg bodyweight influences the fetal development only a little. Doses of 1,500, 1,000, and 750 mg TMP/kg bodyweight however show a high toxicity for the used rat strain as well for the mother animals as for the fetuses of the surviving animals. The observed increased resorption rates diminishing of the average fetal bodyweight, anomalies of the body shape and different anomalies of the skeleton are typical effects of folic acid antagonists.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1979

[The effect of repeated applications of carbutamide on the embryonic development of the rat (author's transl)].

The present paper will check the effects of repeated applications of the oral "antidiabeticum" Carbutamide (substitute of the "sulfonylurea") on the embryonic development of wistar rats. The agent was given the pregnant animal by the means of a throat sonde at the 5th, 6th and 7th day post coitum suspended in Tween 80 in a dosage of 800 mg/kg bodyweight. In order to value the intrauterine development the following parameters were used: mean implantation rate, resorptions rate, bodyweight of fetuses, statemend of animalies by an accurate inspection of the body surface shape, of the skeleton and the inner organs. The rates of implantation do not differ from that of the control group. The rate of resorption increases dependend on the beginning of the treatment. The later the treatment begins the higher the resorptions rate. The body weight of surviving fetuses is diminished strongly. Damage of the skeleton appears as the presence of 14th ribs at one or each side or as ossifications at the 7th neck vertebra (neck rib). Also this results depend on the beginn of the treatment.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Molecular cloning of two west African HIV2 isolates that replicate well in macrophages.

HIV2 strains were isolated from a Gambian with neuro-AIDS (HIV2D194) and from an asymptomatic Ghanian (HIV2D205). Like HIV1 biological subtype c, both isolates grew slowly and induced few or no syncytia, but eventually produced high levels of particle-associated reverse transcriptase (RT) in cultures of fresh peripheral blood lymphocytes. Each produced even higher levels of RT in fresh human macrophages, especially HIV2D194, where maximal RT values of 1,800,000 cpm/ml supernatant of approximately 30,000 cells were measured. The viruses were molecularly cloned after a single passage in culture. Restriction site analysis showed heterogeneity within each isolate. Nucleotide sequence analysis of HIV2D194 revealed that, genetically, it is a member of the prototypic HIV2 family, displaying 12% divergence vs. HIV2ROD and HIV2NIHZ. In contrast, HIV2D205 is the most highly divergent HIV2 strain yet described: it is equidistant in relation between the known HIV2 strains and the SIVMAC isolates (23-24% nucleotide sequence divergence).

Africa, Western↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A highly divergent HIV-2-related isolate.

It has been suggested that the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) and the simian immunodeficiency virus from rhesus macaques (SIVmac) evolved from the sooty mangabey virus SIVsm (ref. 1). We now describe an HIV-2-related isolate, HIV-2-D205, from a healthy Ghanaian woman that is genetically equidistant to the prototypic HIV-2 strains and to SIVsm and SIVmac. Supported by the observation that HIV-2D205 differs in a step of envelope glycoprotein processing, our data indicate that it could represent an alternative HIV-2 subtype and that viruses of the HIV-2/SIVsm/SIVmac group could have already infected humans before HIV-2 and SIVsm/SIVmac diverged.

Base Sequence↗