The spatial patterns of infant mortality and birth defect rates in the Des Moines, Iowa, urban region are described as a contoured surface based on the punctual kriging of address-matched vital statistics records from The Iowa Department of Public Health. Areas defined as having high rates are shown to be sensitive to the size of the spatial filtering units. There is no correlation between infant mortality and birth defect rates in the region. The significance of areas with high rates is determined by a Monte Carlo simulation procedure. One area of high infant mortality is found in the region, which contrasts with many smaller areas with high birth defect rates in the region. The observed birth defect rate pattern is consistent with the hypothesis that each birth was equally likely to result in a birth defect, while the infant mortality pattern is unlikely to be the result of such an equal likelihood process.

Congenital Abnormalities↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Concentration of simple aldehydes by sulfite-containing double-layer hydroxide minerals: implications for biopoesis.

Environmental conditions play an important role in conceptual studies of prebiotically relevant chemical reactions that could have led to functional biomolecules. The necessary source compounds are likely to have been present in dilute solution, raising the question of how to achieve selective concentration and to reach activation. With the assumption of an initial 'RNA World', the questions of production, concentration, and interaction of aldehydes and aldehyde phosphates, potential precursors of sugar phosphates, come into the foreground. As a possible concentration process for simple, uncharged aldehydes, we investigated their adduct formation with sulfite ion bound in the interlayer of positively charged expanding-sheet-structure double-layer hydroxide minerals. Minerals of this type, initially with chloride as interlayer counter anion, have previously been shown to induce concentration and subsequent aldolization of aldehyde phosphates to form tetrose, pentose, and hexose phosphates. The reversible uptake of the simple aldehydes formaldehyde, glycolaldehyde, and glyceraldehyde by adduct formation with the immobilized sulfite ions is characterized by equilibrium constants of K=1.5, 9, and 11, respectively. This translates into an observable uptake at concentrations exceeding 50 mM.

Acetaldehyde↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Cutaneous aspergillosis.

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Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Successive explosions in Mumbai the economic center of India.

Terrorist activities in India are increasing day by day with sophistication in modus operandi. Mumbai the economic center of India was attacked by a series of bomb blasts at twelve different places within a span of an hour on 12th March 1993. The main explosive used was RDX [Krishnamurthy R, Malve MK, Shinde BM. J Indian Acad Forensic Sci 1996;35(1& 2):46-61.]. After about 10 years, terrorist activity of late has again erupted taking a toll on innocent lives, with the use of explosives causing death and destruction. On 2.12.02 a public bus at Ghatkopar was blown up by an improvised explosive device (IED) with two casualties. On 27.1.03 the public vegetable market at Vileparle was targeted causing heavy damage and panic among common people. On 13.3.03 a fully packed local train compartment at Mulund railway station was blown up by an improved explosive device and the casualties ranged up to 10. In most of the explosions the explosives used were RDX, NC-NG, etc. The blasts that occurred at the Zaveri bazaar and the gateway of India on 25/8/03 showed the presence of big craters at the blast site and on analysis the presence of RDX and petroleum oil.

Blast Injuries↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Description of a new flagellate (Protozoa: Mastigophora) Chilomastix qadrii n. sp. from frogs in India.

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Animals↗