Quality assurance practice in rural and urban hospital clinical laboratories.
This survey examined quality assurance practice in matched pairs of rural and urban hospital clinical laboratories. Questions directed at personnel qualifications, laboratory management, internal quality control mechanisms, and proficiency testing enrollment revealed no major differences between the rural-urban pairs. Deficiencies observed were either generic or size-related. Most laboratories were directed by physicians; however, almost half spent 5 or less hours per week in the laboratory. All respondents employed at least one individual professionally certified at the "technologist" level. Virtually all respondents insisted they employ a laboratory management system for ensuring quality performance, although 20% did not document their practice. Internal quality control practice varied widely. Many respondents recognized shortcomings related to volume and budget, and requested specific training courses for technical personnel. At least 20% of the laboratories were not enrolled in any recognized proficiency testing program, an integral part of the total quality assurance process.