PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

R L Goldberg

Publications and source records attributed to R L Goldberg.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Psychiatric affiliations between community hospitals and university programs. Transcending the difficulties.

The community-based general hospital is increasingly utilized as a clinical training site for psychiatric education. Are such affiliations taken for granted by university departments? Only by careful review of the governance structure and motivations for such affiliations can a successful program be developed. Such affiliations need not be "taken for granted." Ongoing flexibility and communication will foster mutual respect between the clinical faculty within the community hospital and the university department. A case example is provided to demonstrate such a process.

Consumer Behavior↗
PubMed1992

Psychiatrically hospitalized college students: a pilot study.

This pilot study presents data on an underreported group: college students who require psychiatric hospitalization. Although the study is too small to sustain broad generalizations, the authors found indications of significant correlations between students' hospitalization and the academic cycle, substance abuse, and distance from home. It is hoped that other institutions will undertake similar studies of this group of students to provide a broader body of data from which to draw inferences regarding prevention, intervention, and psychiatric hospitalization.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

In vivo imaging using a copolymer phased array.

Phased-array images have been obtained in vivo with a steered copolymer array operating at 2.5 MHz. The array was fabricated using 28 microns copolymer film, lambda/4 resonant at 21 MHz, which was bonded to a glass ceramic backing with a thin film bond. The 32 array elements were created by laser ablation of the continuous gold electrode on one side of the film. The transducer was driven by 200 V shock excitation, and the received signal was processed by 32 custom IC preamplifiers that were mounted to the array connector. The amplifiers had a high input impedance compared to that of the array elements and their output impedance matched that of the coaxial cable that connected to the scanner. Because the copolymer transducer had a broad bandwidth, the spectrum of the pulse echo image was modified by the frequency dependent attenuation of tissue and the bandpass of the ultrasound scanner, resulting in a center frequency of 2.5 MHz. The performance of the copolymer array was compared to that of a 3 MHz, PZT array with similar dimensions. On the Duke phased-array scanner, the copolymer sensitivity was 28 dB less than that of PZT. The copolymer elements had a 6 dB pulse-echo angular response of 30 degrees, and the interelement cross-coupling was -35 dB. Phased-array images were made of the heart of a 25 year-old normal male.

Equipment Design↗
PubMed1992

Seven different assays of hyaluronan compared for clinical utility.

To compare six assays of hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid; HYA) in serum, developed in different laboratories, we analyzed 10 samples from each of three groups: healthy persons, patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, and patients with rheumatoid arthritis. All the assays are based on the use of affinity proteins specific for HYA, prepared from cartilage or brain tissue, and are analogous to RIA or enzyme immunoassay techniques. The assay results were of the same magnitude. Although statistical analysis indicated that the methods in some cases deviated significantly from one another, this variation was less than the physiological variation in the healthy population. Therefore, the results of clinical investigations in which the various methods have been used are comparable. The analyses have high specificity and sensitivity for primary biliary cirrhosis but are somewhat less suitable for detecting rheumatoid arthritis. A seventh laboratory, which obtained antibodies to HYA, used these in an RIA to analyze a separate series of serum specimens. Results were in agreement with those obtained by one of the other assays.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Subtype diagnosis in schizophrenia and its relation to neuropsychological and computerized tomography measures.

We compared schizophrenic patients with a subtype diagnosis of paranoia (n = 14) to those with nonparanoid subtype diagnoses (n = 18) on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and multiple computed tomography (CT) scan measures. The results showed that patients with nonparanoid diagnoses sorted fewer categories and made more perseverative errors on the WCST than did patients with the paranoid diagnosis. However, patients in the nonparanoid group could not be distinguished from those in the paranoid group on CT scan measures of brain structure. Additionally, a significant correlation was found between right frontal sulcal enlargement on CT scans and the number of perseverative errors made on the WCST.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Elevated plasma levels of hyaluronate in patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.

Plasma levels of hyaluronate (HA) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and patients with osteoarthritis (OA), measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, were compared with levels in a healthy, age-matched non-arthritic control group, in a retrospective study. Compared with the controls, the mean level of plasma HA was sevenfold higher in the RA group and twofold higher in the OA group. There was no statistically significant correlation between HA levels and 7 other clinical and biochemical parameters in patients with RA. In the OA group, however, plasma HA levels were found to correlate with an objective functional capacity score and with an articular index based on the total amount of cartilage in involved joints. In a retrospective longitudinal study of 6 patients with RA, plasma levels of HA did not show a significant correlation with plasma levels of elastase or with the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. These data support in part the contention that plasma HA may be unique as a marker, in that it may be a reflection of synovial involvement and inflammation, rather than only of inflammation, in arthritis.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Pharmacological modulation of rat monocytes: in vivo effects on Ia expression and interleukin-1 production.

We have shown that during the developing phase of adjuvant disease (AD) in rats the expression of MHC class II (Ia) antigens on blood monocytes (BM) was enhanced. The results of a study in established AD are reported now. Four agents were tested: indomethacin and diclofenac-sodium (1 mg/kg/day); levamisole and prinomide (10 mg/kg/day), administered orally from day 18-31 after induction of AD. We assessed the following BM parameters: Ia expression, interleukin-1 (sIL-1) production, and membrane bound IL-1 (mIL-1). In AD Ia expression was enhanced, no changes occurred in mIL-1 or sIL-1. Indomethacin treatment reduced sIL-1 production, levamisole Ia expression and mIL-1 activity, prinomide all three parameters measured and diclofenac, though clinically effective, none.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Relationship of blood markers to disease severity and drug efficacy in rat adjuvant arthritis.

Rat adjuvant arthritis (AA) was used as a model to evaluate several blood markers as possible predictive indicators of drug efficacy. AA was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by the injection of complete Freund's adjuvant into the right hind foot pad. The rats were dosed p.o. from day 18 to day 31 with levamisole (10 mg/kg), indomethacin (1 mg/kg), diclofenac sodium (0.5 & 1 mg/kg), and prinomide (10 & 20 mg/kg). Disease severity was assessed by paw circumference on day 31. The following blood markers were analyzed: hyaluronate by ELISA, prostaglandin E2 by RIA, ESR by micro-dispette, total PMN by Technicon H-1, and albumin by BCG dye. Blood marker correlation (r) to disease severity was: hyaluronate (0.71), prostaglandin E2 (0.58), ESR (0.52), PMN (0.58), and albumin (-0.71). The relative rank order of drug efficacy (indomethacin, diclofenac sodium, and prinomide) did not differ using the change in paw circumference (day 31-day 17) or blood markers. Levamisole exacerbated the disease as measured by all the above parameters. Thus, these blood markers provide additional information for the statistical evaluation of drugs in rat adjuvant arthritis.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Elevation of synovial plasminogen activator activity after injection of interleukin-1 alpha into rabbit knee joint.

We investigated production of plasminogen activator (PA) and cartilage degradation induced by injection of recombinant human interleukin-1 (rhIL-1 alpha) in rabbit knees. Rabbits were injected intra-articularly (i.a.) with 100 ng rhIL-1 alpha and necropsied at 0, 3, 6, 18 and 54 h and synovial lavage and articular cartilage were collected. PA activity in the joint lavage was measured using Z-Lys-thiobenzyl ester as a substrate. Cartilage degradation was assessed by quantitating sulfated glycosaminoglycan (S-GAG) to hydroxyproline (Hyp) and appearance of keratan sulfate (KS) in synovial lavage by and ELISA. The PA activity in the lavage of IL-1 injected knees at 3, 6, and 18 h was elevated 8 to 10 fold compared to vehicle controls. At 54 h the activity declined to approximately one third of that seen at the earlier time points. KS in the joint lavage was highest at 18 h, suggesting proteoglycan degradation. The maximal loss of cartilage proteoglycan (S-GAG/Hyp) occurred by 54 h. These observations demonstrate that i.a. injection of IL-1 stimulated the production of PA activity within the rabbit joint. Since elevation of PA activity is followed by cartilage degradation, we investigated effect of anti-inflammatory agents on PA activity and cartilage degradation in this model. We found that triamcinolone, indomethacin and dexamethasone were able to suppress PA activity but not the cartilage degradation. These observations suggest that in this model of cartilage degradation suppression of PA is not sufficient to inhibit cartilage degradation.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Interleukin-1-induced cartilage degradation is independent of substance P level in rabbit knees.

The effect of SP on recombinant human IL-1 alpha-induced cartilage degradation in rabbit knees was investigated. Co-injection of 10 ng IL-1 and 1 micrograms SP did not increase cartilage degradation above the level observed after injection of 10 ng IL-1 alone. Co-injection of 100 ng IL-1 and 150 micrograms Spantide, a potent SP antagonist, did not reduce the level of cartilage degradation. Infusion of 100 ng SP/day for two weeks did not induce cartilage degradation. These observations suggest that cartilage degradation induced by IL-1 is independent of SP concentrations in rabbit knees.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Self-hypnosis, sensory cuing, and response prevention: decreasing anxiety and improving written output of a preadolescent with learning disabilities.

In this case study we describe a hypnobehavioral procedure used in the successful treatment of a 10 1/2-year-old boy who suffered from an adjustment disorder with academic inhibition, manifested by an anxiety reaction secondary to learning disabilities that affected his written-language output. Treatment consisted of three self-management techniques: self-monitoring and charting of conditions that preceded anxiety-related behaviors; self-hypnosis and a progressive-muscle-relaxation induction technique; and response-prevention training. The hypnobehavioral procedure decreased anxiety and increased written-language output. We discuss the results in relation to the specific benefits obtained by the preadolescent studied, the advantages of the hypnobehavioral procedure over previous methods to resolve anxiety, the role of self-hypnosis in problem resolution, and future research directions.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1991

Lead exposure at uncovered outdoor firing ranges.

Excessive lead exposure in shooting instructors at indoor firing ranges and covered outdoor firing ranges has been documented. The City of Los Angeles assessed exposure of its full-time shooting instructors at uncovered outdoor ranges via air monitoring and blood lead-level measurements. Results of these tests revealed that significant lead exposure and absorption can occur at outdoor firing ranges. The use of copper-jacketed ammunition may decrease air lead levels and decrease lead absorption by range instructors.

Air↗
PubMed1991

Osteoarthritis.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Nonpsychiatric consultations within a general hospital psychiatric unit: characteristics and concordance.

Nonpsychiatric consultations to a general hospital psychiatric unit were investigated for concordance with diagnostic testing advice, drug recommendations, and representation of the medical diagnoses in the discharge summary. Those patients who received consultations were older and had less social support but did not have more severe medical illnesses. The level of concordance with medical consultants' recommendations was far greater than previous reports of psychiatric consultants' advice to nonpsychiatric colleagues.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

An improved method for determining proteoglycans synthesized by chondrocytes in culture.

An improved micro method for measuring sulfated glycosaminoglycans (S-GAG) in chondrocyte cultures using 1,9-Dimethylmethylene Blue (DMB) has been developed. By increasing the protein concentration in the DMB assay a soluble GAG-DMB complex is prolonged. Without bovine serum albumin (BSA) in the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) medium, the half time for loss of absorbance was 18 min; with 1% BSA-PBS there was no loss of absorbance over this time period. The limit of detection in a 96 well microtiter plate assay was 2 micrograms/ml; for a cuvette assay it was 1 microgram/ml. Collagen, DNA and RNA did not interfere with this assay. Hyaluronate caused an increase in absorbance at 530 nm that was lost by preincubating with Streptomyces hyaluronidase. The increase in absorbance was due to a turbidity change because there was no color shift from 600 to 530 nm but rather a uniform increase in absorbance between 400 to 700 nm. To validate the assay, the S-GAG was measured in conditioned medium from primary bovine articular chondrocyte monolayer cultures. A protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide, blocked proteoglycan synthesis by greater than 90%. A cytokine, Interleukin-1 alpha, caused a dose-dependent decrease in proteoglycan accumulation. Chondroitinase ABC digestion of the chondrocyte conditioned medium completely prevented reactivity with the DMB. By preincubating samples with specific enzymes, different types of S-GAG can be measured with this assay. This assay can be used to measure changes in proteoglycans synthesized by chondrocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Fatal occupational injuries in California, 1972-1983.

Prior reports have indicated that the crude incidence of fatal occupational accidents in California has substantially declined since at least 1972. We tested the hypothesis that this observation was an artifact of demographic shifts in the workforce towards lower-risk age groups and industries. Review of worker's compensation data from 1972 to 1983 identified 2,483 fatal injuries among males. Crude rates declined by an average of 7.0% annually (p less than .005). Age and industry adjustment reduced this decline to 6.7% annually, but the trend was still significant (p less than .005). Thus, the decline in fatal injury rates is not artifactual and will require further study to explain. In a separate analysis, age-specific death rates were found to follow a bimodal pattern in most industries with the highest rates observed at the extremes of age. These results conflict with those of several previous studies. However, these studies did not adjust for the prevalence of part-time work schedules among younger employees.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1989

Canine serum keratan sulfate and hyaluronate concentrations. Relationship to age and osteoarthritis.

Elevated serum levels of keratan sulfate (KS) and hyaluronate (HA) in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) have been reported. We measured KS and HA in dogs to determine if there was an elevation of these serum glycosaminoglycans in a canine model of OA. A single intraarticular injection of 1 mg of chymopapain into a shoulder joint increased serum KS by tenfold, and HA by less than twofold, in 24 hours. Serum KS and HA levels were 3-5-fold higher in dogs younger than 2 months of age than in older dogs. Serum KS and HA concentrations and synovial fluid KS concentrations were unrelated to spontaneous cartilage degeneration in 1-year-old dogs. Higher KS levels in synovial fluid correlated with higher KS levels in serum (r = 0.54, P less than 0.025). The mean KS concentration in sera of older dogs (greater than 3 years old) with OA was 37% higher than that in disease-free controls, but the difference between the groups was not statistically significant. Thus, elevated levels of serum KS and HA do not appear to have clinical significance in this model of OA.

Aging↗