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Biomedical subjects

R L Lebowitz

Publications and source records attributed to R L Lebowitz.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Notching of the ureter and renal pelvis in children.

The excretory urograms of 14 children with ureteral notching were reviewed. In 10 of 14 cases the vascular impressions on the ureters were due to either venous obstruction and dilated collaterals or to dilated noncollateral veins. In two cases the notching was associated with arterial collaterals in renal ischemia and in two with dilated lymphatic channels. The implications of notching in children and the differences and similarities of this urographic sign between children and adults are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Neonatal hydronephrosis: 146 cases.

Recognition and precise etiologic diagnosis of neonatal hydronephrosis is worthwhile since, although often severe, it is usually treatable with at least partial success. This relatively favorable prognosis, despite dilatation that may be marked, suggests a greater regenerative capacity at this age, or may be due to the relative infrequency or short duration of the infection.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1977

Renal parenchymal infections in children.

The excretion urogram-nephrotomogram is the most important imaging study in the diagnosis of renal parenchymal infection in children. If renal parenchymal infections are discovered before significant necrosis has occurred, vigorous treatment with appropriate parenteral antibiotics may result in resolution without the need for surgical drainage.

Abscess↗
PubMed1977

Exstrophy of the bladder.

Exstrophy of the bladder is the most common of a spectrum of related anomalies. The pelvic skeletal changes in all of these disorders vary in degree but are similar in type. The kidneys are urinary collecting systems are usually normal in patients with untreated exstrophy, and the "hurley" appearance of the lower ureters should be regarded as a physiologically normal variant.

Bladder Exstrophy↗
PubMed1976

Life-threatening anoxic spells caused by tracheal compression after repair of esophageal atresia: correction by surgery.

Three infants who developed anoxic spells 2, 5, and 20 mo following repair of esophageal atresia developed apneic spells during or within a few minutes of feeding. These episodes began with stridor and cyanosis; when severe, they progressed to apnea and loss of consciousness. Mouth-to-mouth resuscitation was often necessary. Investigations failed to detect esophageal obstruction and/or a recurrent tracheoesophageal fistula. No neurologic or cardiac abnormalities were found. The cause was compression of a 1- to 3-cm segment of trachea anteriorly by a vascular structure and posteriorly by a dilated esophagus that emptied slowly because of poor motility. Endoscopy confirmed the x-ray findings. The aortic arch and innominate artery were suspended to the sternum anteriorly, which relieved the apneic spells in all patients.

Apnea↗
PubMed1976

Reflux into the unused ureter.

Reflux occurs into unused ureters in patients with urinary diversion and renal tranplantation, and into the ipsilateral ureter in patients with renal agenesis or dysplasia. Efflux may prevent reflux in patients with normal ureterovesical anatomy. If urine begins to flow down the ureter again the reflux may cease. Thus, in patients undergoing urinary tract reconstruction, undiversion should be done before an antireflux operation is performed. Reimplantation can be done after undiversion on a normal capacity bladder if the reflux persists.

Child↗
PubMed1976

Duplication of the urethra.

Ten patients with patent urethral duplication are presented. Nine patients had two independent patient channels originating from the bladder or the posterior urethra. Both voiding cystourethro and retrograde urethrography are necessary to completely evaluate this anomaly. In each instance the ventral channel, regardless of the position of its meatus, proved to be the more functional urethra. In those patients whose dorsal channel was in an epispadiac position, the symphysis pubis was abnormally wide. A functionally and anatomically accurate classification is proposed, and the embryology of these anomalies is discussed.

Child↗
PubMed1976

Malposition of the colon in left renal agenesis and ectopia.

The anatomic splenic flexure of the colon occupies the renal fossa in patients with left renal agenesis or ectopia and presents a characteristic appearance on radiographs and contrast enema studies. If excretory urography fails to reveal the left kidney, demonstration of the normal colon will exclude renal agenesis or ectopia. The colon remains in normal position in patients with left renal dysplasia or after left nephrectomy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Retention cysts of Cowper's duct.

Retention cysts arising from obstructed Cowper's ducts are rare lesions of the anterior urethra. Five cases are reported, 3 in male infacts and 2 in young boys. In children and adults the cysts may cause dysuria, urinary frequency, or urinary retention. The etiology of Cowper's duct cysts remains uncertain, but both congenital and acquired cysts have been described. The radiographic findings are characteristic: a smooth, rounded filling defect is seen on the ventral wall of the proximal bulbous urethra during voiding cystourethrography. After fulguration of the cyst, urethrography may reveal reflux into a dilated Cowper's duct.

Bulbourethral Glands↗
PubMed1976

The single ectopic ureter.

A significant number of ureters with ectopic insertion occur in the single (nonduplex) collecting system. We have investigated 16 patients with this anomaly whose ureters were abnormal enough to cause problems. Characteristic symptoms at presentation included a pelvic mass, ureterovesical obstruction, a ureterocele, urinary dribbling, epididymitis, and infection of the urinary tract with or without reflux. Radiographic evaluation is usually possible using only intravenous urogarphy and voiding cystourethrography. Nonvisualization of one kidney in association with one of the above findings should suggest a single ectopic ureter. Particular attention should be paid to the site of ureteral insertion whenever reflux is seen.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Measuring the kidneys-practical applications using a growth and hypertrophy chart.

A graphic and practical method for displaying renal growth utilizes a growth-hypertrophy chart. It is best suited for following renal growth on sequential intravenous urograms in patients with urinary tract infection, reflux and problems in which renal growth reflects the efficacy of therapy. The chart uses established standards for normal kidney length, and rates of growth and hypertrophy, and enables one to tell at a glance whether the renal growth is normal. Pitfalls both in the method of measuring the renal lengths and in the interpretation of the measurements are discussed.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1975

Non-obstructive megacystis and refuluxing megaureter in pre-teen enuretic boys with minimal symptoms.

We herein describe 4 older boys with non-obstructive, non-neurogenic refluxing megacystis-megaureter syndrome. These patients require immediate investigation and aggressive surgical intervention, the goal being total reconstruction of the bladder and upper tracts in continuity. This goal was achieved in 3 patients with followup in excess of 4 years. Failure to recognize the syndrome, as with our fourth patient, may result in improper classification and treatment. A plea is made for urological investigation of pernicious nocturnal enuresis in older boys and in all children with a history of urinary tract infection.

Child↗