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Biomedical subjects

R L Payne

Publications and source records attributed to R L Payne.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

Comparison of the general health questionnaire and the Nottingham health profile in a study of unemployed and re-employed men.

Two measures of perceived health, the general health questionnaire and the Nottingham health profile were completed by middle and working class men who had been unemployed for between 18 and 24 months, or had been unemployed longer than six months before regaining employment. Clear differences were found between the perceived health status of the unemployed men and those who had become re-employed. Virtually no association was found between social class and scores on the health measures, supporting earlier findings that unemployment leads to equally poor perceived health in middle class and working class males. High correlations were obtained between the 12-item general health questionnaire, the anxiety and the depression scales, with all three measures correlating quite highly with the emotional reactions, sleep and social isolation sections of the Nottingham health profile. However, the Nottingham health profile provided a broader assessment of perceived health, giving additional information on pain and physical mobility problems.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

A preliminary investigation of the relationship between certain practice characteristics and practice location: chiropractor-population ratio.

Two surveys of 121 preselected Victorian and South Australian chiropractors were conducted during the period of December 1986 to February 1987 in order to investigate whether practice location (metropolitan area and country town) and chiropractor/population ratio (number of chiropractors per 10,000 inhabitants) have any effect on patient numbers, practice procedures and practitioner attitudes. Practitioners' response rates to the first and second questionnaires were 82% and 61%, respectively. Analysis of data revealed that metropolitan chiropractors utilized more adjunctive therapies than their country town colleagues. Most chiropractors felt that the number of chiropractors in their area was sufficient. However, there appeared to be no difference in patient numbers (patient visits and new patients) and ratio of new patients to patient visits as related to practitioner density or practice location. Patient volume appeared to be practitioner-induced; fewer new patients corresponded to a higher number of revisiting patients, and maintenance care corresponded to a higher number of patient visits.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Clustering individuals as a way of dealing with multiple predictors in occupational stress research.

As the number and type of variables thought to affect the amount of stress experienced by an individual in the workplace increase, and as these effects are often found to be nonlinear and to interact with each other, the forms of statistical analyses employed present different costs and benefits. The use of cluster analysis as a preliminary means of categorizing individuals is described as the least artificial and empirically most accurate means of deriving groups that can lead to hypotheses and hypothesis testing using the more conventional means of analysis of variance. Such a methodology is described as it was applied to an investigation of the effects of demands, attitudes to demands, supports-constraints, and trait neuroticism upon job satisfaction and scores on the General Health Questionnaire for a sample of psychiatric nurses.

Affective Symptoms↗
PubMed1987

Some determinants of stress in psychiatric nurses.

This paper reports the results of an empirical study of psychological stress in nurses employed in a large Special Hospital and caring for mentally disturbed patients who may be a danger to themselves or to others. Such an environment would appear to be dangerous and stressful and the findings of this study show that this sample of nurses do indeed report relatively high levels of stress when compared to some other employed samples. Relationships between psychological distress, anxiety and depression and aspects of their jobs, such as job demands, supports and constraints, are discussed. Individual differences in experiences of stress are also considered.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1986

Heart rate as an indicator of stress in surgeons and anaesthetists.

Ambulatory monitoring of heart rate was used as one indication of psychological stress among 8 doctors involved in cardio-thoracic surgery and 8 doctors performing anaesthesia in the same operating theatre. Twenty-three days of recording were available and the heart rate traces were related to observations of activities made by the authors. Comparisons of mean heart rates are made for these and other occupations. Certain sorts of activities are shown to increase and decrease heart rate. The value of heart rate as an indicator of psychological stress in field studies is discussed.

Anesthesiology↗
PubMed1984

Multiple indicators of stress in an 'active' job--cardiothoracic surgery.

Eight members of a cardiac surgery team were monitored for a variety of stress indicators. These included self-reports of felt stress, observations of behavior related to ECG activity, and measurements of urinary cortisol and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-mandelic acid (VMA). Observations were made on 12 separate days spread over a 3-month period. Results indicate moderate to low levels of perceived stress with high levels of satisfaction and high levels of support. ECG data showed wide individual variation; heart rates even during operations were not excessively high (mean, 100 beats per minute). VMA levels were within the normal range. Cortisol levels were above the normal range on 72% of measurements and mean levels were positively related to length of experience. Days when self-perceived stress was reported were associated with higher levels of cortisol but not of VMA. The study failed to support predictions about responses to "active" jobs derived from Karasek's job-strain model.

Cardiac Surgical Procedures↗
PubMed1976

Immediate postmastectomy reconstruction.

The role of reconstruction in the management of patients with problems related to breast cancer is of increasing importance. Immediate reconstruction is particularly applicable in those situations where prophylactic mastectomy is performed. High-risk groups who warrant such prophylactic mastectomy and reconstruction include those with florid cyst disease, a strong family history of breast cancer, the finding of lobular carcinoma in situ, multiple previous biopsies, and those who have severe and progressive mastodynia. In those with smaller amounts of breast tissue, reconstruction is based on a double layer tissue over a graft, one layer consisting of pectoral muscle and the other of breast skin. In those with more abundant breast tissue, the two layers placed over the graft are both derived from skin flaps, the inner layer a free, denuded dermal graft from the inferior flap and the second layer, the superior breast skin flap itself.

Breast Neoplasms↗