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Biomedical subjects

R L Tyson

Publications and source records attributed to R L Tyson.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

The emergence of oedipal centrality comments on Michael Feldman's paper 'Common ground: the centrality of the Oedipus complex.

The Oedipus complex is indeed a central organizing focus of human development. Given the opportunity to review psychoanalytic work illustrative of how this concept influences clinical theory and technique, patches of common ground and of significant differences are described. The patient discussed was in the termination phase of a very long analysis, resulting in a concentration and telescoping of the three weeks of reported material from six months prior to termination. This facilitated the elucidation of similarities and differences in viewing and handling manifestations of resistance, transference and countertransference. In particular, differences in conceptualization of the Oedipus complex were addressed, especially the constraints imposed on the analyst's thinking and technique by an obligatory perception that all material represented oedipal themes. In an alternative view, a pre-oedipal, dyadic developmental foundation provides a framework for the elaboration and evolution of oedipal, triadic complexities as a developmental achievement. This enables a reconsideration of transference manifestations of conflictual object relations in terms of distinctions between dyadic, pre-oedipal and triadic, oedipal themes, thus enhancing the analyst's interpretive relevance.

Countertransference↗
PubMed1986

Countertransference evolution in theory and practice.

A framework is suggested for conceptualizing countertransference, based on expansion of the concept emerging subsequent to Freud's original view of the phenomenon: from Ucs to Cs, from reactions to transference to all reactions, from the analyst's neurosis to the analyst's functioning, from self-analysis to self-scrutiny, from obstacle to contribution. Particular attention is called to the advantages of maintaining the distinction between the patient's transference and the analyst's countertransference; the importance for successful psychoanalytic work of being aware of the subtleties of countertransference in work with neurotic patients, especially in contrast to the blatant countertransference experiences more disturbed patients thrust upon the analyst; the need for further investigation of the relations between the analyst's empathy, regression, and countertransference; the lack of understanding of and information about the homosexual countertransference, based on insufficient knowledge of the mechanisms of resistance to self-analysis, among other reasons; and the need for more reliable information about the limits of and indications for using countertransference responses in particular kinds of clinical situations, whether for informing the patient as to the analyst's responses to him, for informing the analyst in the interpretive process, or in formulating reconstructions. A clinical example provides an illustration of the complexity of countertransference-transference interaction and of the impact of countertransference on the transference.

Countertransference↗
PubMed1984

Narcissism and superego development.

To elucidate the role of the superego in th maintenance of narcissistic equilibrium, we reviewed Freud's ideas about narcissism and the superego as well as the relevant theories of Kohut, Kernberg, and certain ego psychologists. These latter authors offer an alternative mode of understanding narcissism more consistent with Freud's structural theory, one in which signal affects and superego functioning play a central role in normal development and in the pathogenesis of narcissistic disturbances. Early steps in superego formation were then examined schematically to elucidate the interaction of environmental influences and emerging psychic structure. We suggested that the first step in a developmental line toward superego formation is based on the affective qualities experienced in the course of self-object differentiation. Subsequent steps examined were introject and ego-ideal formation; compliance with th object; compliance with the introject; identification with the introject and the ego ideal; and finally, with oedipal resolution, the integration of superego nuclei into a progressively structuralized autonomous superego system. This system achieves growing independence from the drives and from pressures from early introjects during the course of latency, and functions to maintain the demands of the conscience and the standards of the ego ideal; rewards or punishments result when these demands and standards are or are not met. The final stage briefly considered here was the revision, modification, and elaboration of moral codes and the ego ideal as part of the adolescent process. Narcissistic vulnerabilities at various stages were pointed out in an attempt to stress that a particular clinical picture in later phases of development or adulthood may derive from any of several development points of origin and from one or more etiological factors.

Aggression↗
PubMed1983

Some narcissistic consequences of object loss: a developmental view.

This paper examines the effects of object loss on narcissistic equilibrium from a developmental perspective. Such effects vary, depending on when the loss occurs in relation to the process of self-object differentiation, as well as on other characteristics in the loss situation. An effort is made to clarify the particular narcissistic elements which may be identified as involved in the experience of psychic pain following a loss. To this end, a distinction is made between feelings of omnipotence, of self-constancy, and of self-esteem, and their different developmental bases illustrated with clinical examples.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Questions of supply and demand in dynamic psychotherapy.

Out-patient psychotherapy resources are severely limited in the face of a considerable mental health problem in the community. A review is made of the literature pertinent to the attempt to estimate the number of patients who receive, or might benefit from receiving, dynamic psychotherapy in the National Health Service. Among the many variables involved, problems of definition and the interests and opinions of general practitioners and hospital psychiatrists are prominent. Implications for the planning of psychotherapy training and service programmes are discussed.

Female↗
PubMed1979

Aspects of the patient intake process in a psychotherapy clinic.

Recent interest in psychotherapy services in the National Health Service has raised questions regarding the availability of existing psychotherapy facilities. In attempting to answer some of these questions, a study was made of aspects of the referral and assessment segments of the intake process of 180 patients referred in 1975 to the Paddington Centre for Psychotherapy Adult Out-patient Department. Of this group, 137 were referred for individual psychoanalytically oriented psychotherapy, 82 of whom were offered assessment interviews, 45 offered treatment and 40 actually began treatment during the study period. An additional seven patients originally assessed for group therapy were offered and began individual treatment. Some characteristics of the referral population, the referring agencies, the effects of a waiting list, and the phenomenon of dropouts are discussed and compared with findings from other Centres.

Hospitals, Psychiatric↗