Biomedical subjects

R L Vessella

Publications and source records attributed to R L Vessella.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2003

Bone histology at autopsy and matched bone scintigraphy findings in patients with hormone refractory prostate cancer: the effect of bisphosphonate therapy on bone scintigraphy results.

Bisphosphonates (BisP) are non-metabolized compounds with high bone affinity used in bone metastasis diagnosis and treatment. Currently, BisP are used to treat hypercalcemia of malignancy as well as to prevent, minimize, or delay skeletal morbidity. These compounds have a long half-life in bone. Thus long-term BisP treatment might saturate bone and interfere with a single-dose scanning agent used for bone scintigraphy when visualizing bone metastases. In an effort to answer this question, this study evaluated the concordance of histology and Technetium99 methylene diophosphonate (Tc99 MDP) bone scintigraphy in the diagnosis of bone metastases in prostate cancer patients. We assessed the concordance of findings between bone scintigraphy and histology using 188 bone biopsies from 11 autopsied patients who died with metastatic prostate cancer, 5 of whom were treated with pamidronate for 2 to 13 months before death. Overall agreement between histology and bone scintigraphy was 84%, 86% in non-pamidronate-treated patients and 82% in pamidronate-treated patients. Scintigraphic bone metastases without histological metastasis (false negatives = 12.7%) were observed in 24 anatomic locations; half of these were in one patient who had been treated with pamidronate and had no histological bone response to the carcinoma. There were only 4 sites where a positive bone scan was not associated with histologic metastasis (false positives = 2.21%). There was no statistical difference between the treated and non-treated group for concordance, specificity, sensitivity, positive and negative predictive values of bone scintigraphy and prevalence of histological abnormality. Long-term pamidronate treatment of prostate cancer bone metastases does not generally affect the ability to detect bone metastases with Tc99 MDP bone scintigraphy.

Antineoplastic Agents↗

PubMed2003

Cathepsin K mRNA and protein expression in prostate cancer progression.

Prostate cancer (CaP) is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in men and is often associated with bone metastases, which cause much of the morbidity associated with CaP. Lesions associated with CaP generally exhibit increased bone formation and resorption. Increased bone resorption may release factors from the extracellular matrix that contribute to tumor growth. Cathepsin K (cat K) is a cysteine protease that exhibits strong degradative activity against the extracellular matrix and is involved in osteoclast-mediated bone destruction. In this study, we analyzed the expression of cat K in CaP cell lines and patient samples. Cat K message was detected in CaP cell lines by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and in primary CaP and metastases by in situ hybridization. Immunohistochemistry revealed variable expression of cat K in primary CaP samples, as well as nonosseous metastases, whereas expression in bone metastases was significantly higher than in primary CaP, and normal prostate tissues were negative. Cat K protein was detected in CaP cell lines by Western blotting after immunoprecipitation. Cat K enzymatic activity was also detected in CaP cell lines by a fluorogenic assay and by an assay for degradation of collagen type I. Increased levels of NTx, a marker of bone matrix degradation mediated primarily by cat K, were also detected in sera of patients with CaP bone metastases. We hypothesize that CaP-expressed cat K may contribute to the invasive potential of CaP, while increased expression in bone metastases is consistent with a role in matrix degradation.

Blotting, Western↗

PubMed2001

Placental bone morphogenetic protein (PLAB) gene expression in normal, pre-malignant and malignant human prostate: relation to tumor development and progression.

The second most common target of prostate-cancer metastasis is bone, and the phenomenon of skeletal metastasis represents the incurable stage of disease. Histologically, skeletal metastasis from prostate cancer is distinctive due to its osteoblastic nature. The osteoblastic bone metastasis shows extensive new bone formation, with possible involvement of the soluble growth factors secreted by tumor cells, such as bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). In the present study, we analyzed the gene expression of one of the new members of the BMP family, placental bone morphogenetic protein (PLAB). In situ hybridization studies showed high levels of this gene in normal prostate. However, the gene is down-regulated during the progression of cancer at the primary site. The most significant finding was re-expression of the PLAB gene in osseous metastatic lesions. Our results demonstrate that tumor cells, when released from the primary site and after re-growth elsewhere, are capable of re-expressing specific genes that may play a different role at metastatic sites than at the primary site.

Bone Morphogenetic Proteins↗

PubMed2001

Identification of prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) as the target of monoclonal antibody 107-1A4 by proteinchip; array, surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization (SELDI) technology.

Recently we described the generation of the prostate tissue-specific monoclonal antibody (MAb) 107-1A4, its expression pattern and preliminary targeting of human prostate cancer xenografts. In this report we demonstrate that the target antigen for MAb 107-1A4 is prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) using immunoaffinity absorption followed by SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometric analysis of peptides produced by in-gel tryptic digestion. The identity of the antigen has been confirmed by Western blots using MAbs of known specificity. MAb 107-1A4 is not reactive on Western blots. The conformational epitope for 107-1A4 is on the extracellular domain of PSMA. In competition studies, the binding of MAb 107-1A4 to LNCaP cells is inhibited by itself but not by any other of several other anti-PSMA MAbs, suggesting that the epitope may be unique. These results suggest that 107-1A4 is reactive to a conformational epitope in the external domain of PSMA that is unique among the panel of anti-PSMA MAbs in this study. Furthermore this work demonstrates the ability of mass spectroscopy to elucidate antibody-ligand interaction.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗

PubMed2001

Amplification and overexpression of androgen receptor gene in hormone-refractory prostate cancer.

The expression level of the androgen receptor (AR) gene in androgen-dependent and -independent prostate cancer was determined by using real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR assay. Eight benign prostate hyperplasias, 33 untreated and 13 hormone-refractory locally recurrent carcinomas, as well as 10 prostate cancer xenografts, were analyzed. All hormone-refractory tumors expressed AR and showed, on average, 6-fold higher expression than androgen-dependent tumors or benign prostate hyperplasias (P < 0.001). Four of 13 (31%) hormone-refractory tumors contained AR gene amplification detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Androgen-independent tumors with gene amplification expressed, on average, a 2-fold higher level of AR than the refractory tumors without the gene amplification. Two xenografts (LuCaP 35 and 69) showed amplification and high-level expression of the AR gene. These xenografts are the first prostate cancer model systems containing the gene amplification. The findings demonstrate that AR is highly expressed in androgen-independent prostate cancer, suggesting that the AR signaling pathway is important in the progression of prostate cancer during endocrine treatment. The two xenografts with the AR gene amplification will enable studies evaluating the functional significance of the amplification and development of new treatment strategies based on high-level expression of AR.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Osteoprotegerin and rank ligand expression in prostate cancer.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and RANK ligand (RANKL) in human prostatic tissues. The factors regulating the increased turnover associated with prostate cancer (CaP) bone metastasis are unknown. OPG and RANKL are recently identified regulators of bone resorption and bone remodeling. METHODS: Tissues from 28 patients with CaP and from 4 normal organ donors were analyzed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry for the expression of OPG and RANKL. RESULTS: OPG and RANKL messages were detected in both normal and cancerous prostate samples. In the normal prostate, OPG protein was detected in luminal epithelial and stromal cells (5% to 65% and 15% to 70%, respectively) and RANKL immunoreactivity was observed in 15% to 50% of basal epithelial cells, 40% to 90% of luminal epithelial cells, and 70% to 100% of stromal cells. OPG was not detected in 8 of 10 primary CaP specimens; RANKL was heterogeneously expressed in 10 of 11 CaP specimens. The percentage of tumor cells expressing OPG and RANKL was significantly increased in all CaP bone metastases compared with nonosseous metastases or primary CaP. CONCLUSIONS: CaP bone metastases were consistently immunoreactive for both OPG and RANKL compared with nonosseous metastases or primary CaP. The presence of these crucial bone resorption regulators in CaP bone metastases suggests a mechanism whereby CaP cells may modulate bone turnover and has profound implications for the establishment and development of CaP bone metastases in advanced disease.

Aged↗

PubMed2001

The percentage of free prostate-specific antigen does not predict extracapsular disease in patients with clinically localized prostate cancer before radical prostatectomy.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the percentage of free/total prostate-specific antigen (f/tPSA) can predict the pathological features in patients with clinically localized prostate cancer before radical prostatectomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to analyse data from 171 untreated patients who underwent radical prostatectomy. Variables included the total PSA (tPSA), fPSA, f/tPSA, biopsy Gleason score, clinical stage and patient age. RESULTS: In 115 patients with pathologically organ-confined tumours ( pT2N0) the mean (SD) tPSA value was 6.9 (5.6) ng/mL; in 56 patients with extracapsular disease ( pT3pN0/N+) it was 10.2 (7.6) ng/mL; the respective f/tPSA values were 14.9 (8.1)% and 14.2 (12.9)%. In the univariate and multivariate analysis, tPSA and biopsy Gleason score were highly significant in predicting extracapsular disease (P < 0.001 and 0.002) but the f/tPSA was not (P = 0.18). There was no significant difference between the mean f/tPSA and final Gleason scores. CONCLUSION: The f/tPSA does not predict extracapsular disease in patients with clinically localized prostate cancer before radical prostatectomy. Knowing the f/tPSA provides no significant additional information in predicting extracapsular disease when the biopsy Gleason score and tPSA are known.

Biopsy↗

PubMed2001

Identification of the target of monoclonal antibody A6H as dipeptidyl peptidase IV/CD26 by LC MS\MS.

The monoclonal antibody (MAb) A6H, originally developed to fetal renal tissues, was found to be highly reactive to renal cell carcinoma and was subsequently demonstrated to co-stimulate a subpopulation of T cells. The A6H antigen had not been identified heretofore. Antigen from detergent extracts of renal cell carcinoma cells (7860) was immunoabsorbed with A6H-agarose, and the resin-bound proteins were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The antigen had a molecular weight of approximately 120 kDa as determined by Western blots. The 120-kDa protein band was excised and subjected to in-gel tryptic digestion, and the resulting peptides were separated and analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC MS\MS). The tandem mass spectra of the eluting peptides were used in combination with the SEQUEST computer program to search a human National Cancer Institute (NCI) protein database for the identity of the protein. The target antigen was shown to be dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV), which is also known as the cluster differentiation antigen CD26. Flow analysis of the expression of the A6H antigen and of CD26 on 7860 cells and on peripheral blood lymphocytes supported the identification of the A6H antigen as DPP IV. Recognition that the A6H antigen is DPP IV/CD26 afforded the opportunity to compare previous studies on A6H with those on other anti-CD26 antibodies in terms of expression in cancer cell lines and various tissues and as co-stimulators of T-cell activation.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed2001

Serial prostate specific antigen, free-to-total prostate specific antigen ratio and complexed prostate specific antigen for the diagnosis of prostate cancer.

PURPOSE: The free-to-total prostate specific antigen (PSA) ratio and complexed PSA have been introduced as adjuncts to total PSA for prostate cancer screening. Little data exist on the use of these tests for serial PSA screening. We compared serial total PSA, the free-to-total PSA ratio and calculated complexed PSA in men diagnosed with prostate cancer and matched controls in a population based study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We identified 90 men diagnosed with prostate cancer between 1988 and 1996 with at least 3 serial serum samples obtained at 2-year intervals who were participants in the beta-Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial for the prevention of lung cancer. Samples were available up to 10 years before diagnosis. A total of 90 age matched men from the same cohort without prostate carcinoma were identified as controls. Free and total PSA was measured by the Abbott AxSYM system. RESULTS: Baseline demographics of cases and controls were similar. At baseline and diagnosis the men with prostate cancer had higher total and complexed PSA, and a lower free-to-total PSA ratio than controls. Mean followup was 5.2 years in cases and 5.5 in controls. The yearly change in PSA parameters in cases versus controls was 20.7% versus 3.5% for total, -3.4% versus 0.2% for free-to-total and 21.5% versus 3.4% for complexed PSA (p <0.0001). At diagnosis PSA alone was estimated to perform with more than 90% specificity in our model. CONCLUSIONS: In this population based study total PSA was superior to the free-to-total PSA ratio for predicting the development of prostate cancer. While serial changes in free-to-total PSA ratios with time were statistically significantly different in men diagnosed with prostate cancer and controls, the magnitude of these serial changes were slight enough to render them clinically insignificant.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed2001

Serum osteoprotegerin levels are increased in patients with advanced prostate cancer.

PURPOSE: Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a soluble osteoclastogenesis inhibitor that regulates bone turnover. We reported recently that OPG protein expression is significantly increased in prostate cancer (CaP) cells present in bone metastases. The aim of this study was to determine serum OPG levels in patients at different stages of CaP and correlate the results with disease status. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: OPG levels were examined in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia, clinically localized CaP, early recurrence of CaP, and advanced CaP and evidence of bone metastases. Serum OPG levels were measured by sandwich ELISA assays. The serum Crosslaps (sCTX) assay was used to quantify bone resorption in the advanced CaP group. RESULTS: Serum OPG levels were increased significantly in the advanced CaP group versus all other groups. There was no significant correlation between serum OPG levels and PSA levels either in the advanced CaP group or within any of three treatment subclasses of this group: no Tx, those not treated; Tx, those treated; and R, those treated with resorption blockers. Levels of OPG were negatively correlated with sCTX levels only in the advanced CaP Tx group. sCTX levels correlated with prostate-specific antigen levels in the advanced CaP Tx and R groups but not in the no-Tx group. CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that serum OPG levels are increased with advanced CaP. We hypothesize that OPG levels are related to CaP progression and suggest that further studies of the biological effects of OPG on CaP metastases are warranted.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Increased AKT activity contributes to prostate cancer progression by dramatically accelerating prostate tumor growth and diminishing p27Kip1 expression.

The PTEN tumor suppressor gene is frequently inactivated in human prostate cancers, particularly in more advanced cancers, suggesting that the AKT/protein kinase B (PKB) kinase, which is negatively regulated by PTEN, may be involved in human prostate cancer progression. We now show that AKT activation and activity are markedly increased in androgen-independent, prostate-specific antigen-positive prostate cancer cells (LNAI cells) established from xenograft tumors of the androgen-dependent LNCaP cell line. These LNAI cells show increased expression of integrin-linked kinase, which is putatively responsible for AKT activation/Ser-473 phosphorylation, as well as for increased phosphorylation of the AKT target protein, BAD. Furthermore, expression of the p27(Kip1) cell cycle regulator was diminished in LNAI cells, consistent with the notion that AKT directly inhibits AFX/Forkhead-mediated transcription of p27(Kip1). To assess directly the impact of increased AKT activity on prostate cancer progression, an activated hAKT1 mutant was overexpressed in LNCaP cells, resulting in a 6-fold increase in xenograft tumor growth. Like LNAI cells, these transfectants showed dramatically reduced p27(Kip1) expression. Together, these data implicate increased AKT activity in prostate tumor progression and androgen independence and suggest that diminished p27(Kip1) expression, which has been repeatedly associated with prostate cancer progression, may be a consequence of increased AKT activity.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Mechanistic studies of the effects of anti-factor H antibodies on complement-mediated lysis.

We have recently reported that complement factor H, a negative regulator of complement-mediated cytotoxicity, is produced and secreted by most bladder cancers. This observation was exploited in the development of the BTA stat and BTA TRAK diagnostic assays, both of which make use of two factor H-specific monoclonal antibodies in sandwich format. Here we show that both antibodies exert interesting effects on the biochemistry of complement activation in in vitro systems. Antibody X13.2 competes with C3b for association with factor H and strongly inhibits factor H/factor I-mediated cleavage of C3b, thereby evidently inactivating a negative regulator of complement; yet, the antibody strongly inhibits complement-mediated lysis as well. Conversely, antibody X52. 1, which does not compete with C3b and has no effect on solution-phase cleavage of C3b, is capable of enhancing complement-mediated lysis of various cell types, including cancer cells, by over 10-fold. Our observations indicate that it is possible to deconvolute the biochemical roles of factor H in complement by means of appropriate inhibitors, a finding with potentially valuable implications for both basic research and cancer therapy.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Intermittent androgen suppression in the LuCaP 23.12 prostate cancer xenograft model.

BACKGROUND: Intermittent androgen suppression (IAS) has been proposed as a method of delaying the onset of androgen-independent growth in prostate cancer. While several pilot studies have demonstrated the feasibility of such a treatment, no study to date has defined the effect of IAS on survival. METHODS: We developed an IAS protocol for mice bearing the LuCaP 23.12 human prostate cancer xenograft, with each cycle consisting of 1 week of androgen replacement with a testosterone pellet followed by 3 weeks of androgen withdrawal. Mice that responded to castration with a 40% or greater decrease in serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) were randomized to treatment with either continuous androgen suppression (CAS) or IAS. Serum PSA, tumor volume, and overall survival were monitored. RESULTS: A total of 75 mice met the randomization criteria. There was no significant difference of survival between animals treated with CAS or IAS (185 vs. 239 days, P = 0.1835). Serum PSA showed evidence of cycling with hormonal manipulation. No cycling was noted in tumor volume. CONCLUSIONS: IAS is not associated with a decrease in survival compared to CAS, yet in patients may offer quality-of-life improvements. Further studies of IAS in the setting of Institutional Review Board (IRB) approved clinical trials should be encouraged. Prostate 43:63-70, 2000. Published 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Probability of prostate cancer detection based on results of a multicenter study using the AxSYM free PSA and total PSA assays.

OBJECTIVES: The determination of the percentage of free prostate-specific antigen (%fPSA) enhances the specificity of prostate cancer (CaP) detection. This study was undertaken to assess the performance of %fPSA in differentiating benign prostate disease from CaP and to determine the CaP probability estimates using the AxSYM Free PSA and AxSYM Total PSA assays. METHODS: In this prospective study, 297 men, 50 years old or older, with a total PSA level between 4 and 10 ng/mL and a nonsuspicious digital rectal examination were enrolled at 10 clinical sites. All subjects underwent at least sextant prostate biopsies to establish the diagnosis. fPSA and total PSA (tPSA) levels were determined using the AxSYM Free PSA and AxSYM Total PSA assays. Percent fPSA values were compared with tPSA values to determine the appropriate cutoffs for prostate biopsy and to calculate the CaP probability estimates. RESULTS: The strongest predictor of CaP in a logistic regression model was %fPSA (odds ratio 2.29), which contributed significantly more than age or tPSA to the predictive model. In this study population, a %fPSA cutoff of 26.4% would have detected 96% of subjects with CaP (sensitivity) and would have eliminated 27.4% of unnecessary biopsies (specificity). CaP probability estimates ranged from 9% to 69% and increased as the %fPSA value decreased. Men with a %fPSA level of 10% or lower had a 69% probability of CaP, and men with a %fPSA level of greater than 26% had a 9% probability of CaP. CONCLUSIONS: Percent fPSA values can help differentiate CaP from benign prostate disease and reduce unnecessary biopsies in 27% of men 50 years old or older whose digital rectal examination was normal and whose tPSA level was between 4 and 10 ng/mL. A %fPSA result can assist the physician and patient in determining the probability of CaP and assessing the need for prostate biopsy.

Biopsy↗

PubMed2000

Differential expression of osteonectin/SPARC during human prostate cancer progression.

The precise mechanism(s) involved in invasion and metastasis of prostate cancer (CaP) is poorly understood. Osteonectin [ON (also known as SPARC or BM-40)] is an antiadhesive protein known to be involved in cell-matrix interactions, migration, and angiogenesis. In this report, we studied the expression of ON in human prostate cell lines, primary tumors, and metastatic foci of CaP. Reverse transcription-PCR and nonradioactive in situ hybridization (ISH) techniques were used to determine ON gene expression. Immunohistochemistry was carried out using the polyclonal antibody LF37 and/or the monoclonal antibody ON-mAb. Low to moderate levels of ON mRNA and protein were observed in glandular epithelial cells of normal tissue as well as a few primary CaPs. However, high levels of ON mRNA and protein were observed in most of the CaP metastatic foci, both osseous and nonosseous. This correlated well with our findings that multiple different CaP cell lines including four CaP cell lines derived from metastases show high levels of ON gene expression. Furthermore, ISH analyses and cell-specific reverse transcription-PCR evaluation showed that both the luminal and basal cells express the ON gene. We conclude that the differential pattern of ON expression suggests that it may play an important role in the progression of CaP.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗

PubMed1999

Development of new biotin/streptavidin reagents for pretargeting.

The high affinity of biotin for streptavidin has made this pair of molecules very useful for in vivo applications. To optimize reagents for one potential in vivo application, antibody-based pretargeting of cancer, we have prepared a number of new biotin and streptavidin derivatives. The derivatives developed include new radiolabeled biotin reagents, new protein biotinylation reagents, and new biotin multimers for cross-linking and/or polymerization of streptavidin. We have also modified streptavidin by site-directed mutation and chemical modification to improve its in vivo characteristics, and have developed new reagents for cross-linking antibody fragments with streptavidin. A brief overview of these new reagents is provided.

Affinity Labels↗

PubMed1999

Analysis and sorting of prostate cancer cell types by flow cytometry.

BACKGROUND: Prostate tumor heterogeneity as manifested by differential expression of markers can be attributed to multiple types of cancer cells populating a tumor. Does the composition differ between primary tumor and metastasis? How can one isolate the different cancer cell types to study? What is the relationship among cancer cell types? METHODS: Flow cytometry keying on the prostate epithelial cell surface markers CD57 and CD44 was applied to analyze and sort single cells prepared from tumor tissue samples by collagenase digestion. In normal tissue, CD57 is found on luminal cells and CD44 on basal cells. RESULTS: CD57(+) and CD44(+) cells were sorted from various prostate tumor tissue specimens. The CD57(+) cancer cell type was found to predominate in primary tumors, while the CD44(+) cancer cell type was found to predominate in two visceral metastases. All tumors could be characterized by a ratio of CD57(+) and CD44(+) cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS: Two types of prostate cancer cells, CD57(+) and CD44(+), were identified. The finding that most primary tumors contain a predominantly CD57(+) cancer cell population agrees with the argument that cancer cells arise from the transformation of CD57(+) luminal cells. However, CD44(+) cancer cells are also present in some primary tumors; and in some metastases, they, and not CD57(+) cells, constitute a predominant population.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗

PubMed1999

Interleukin-8 serum levels in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer.

OBJECTIVES: Using arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR) ribonucleic acid (RNA) fingerprinting, we discovered a messenger RNA (mRNA) that encoded the cytokine interleukin-8 (IL-8) that was up-regulated in the peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) of patients with metastatic prostate cancer (CaP) compared with similar cells from healthy individuals. We compared the total prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, the free/total (f/t) PSA ratios, and the immunoreactive IL-8 serum concentrations in patients with either biopsy-confirmed benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) or CaP. METHODS: The sera from 35 apparently healthy normal volunteers and 146 patients with biopsy-confirmed BPH and CaP obtained from two academic centers were retrospectively examined to determine the serum levels of IL-8, total PSA (tPSA), and the f/t PSA ratio. Logistic regression and trend analysis statistical methods were used to assess the results. RESULTS: Normals (n = 35), BPH patients (n = 53), patients with clinical Stages A to C CaP (n = 81), and patients with metastatic CaP (n = 1 2) had mean levels of IL-8 of 6.8, 6.5, 15.6, and 27.8 pg/mL, respectively. The IL-8 serum concentrations correlated with increasing CaP stage and also differentiated BPH from clinical Stages A, B, C, or D CaP better than tPSA and performed similarly to the f/t PSA ratio. The combination of the IL-8 levels and f/t PSA ratios using multivariate logistic regression analysis distinguished BPH from Stages A, B, C, or D CaP or only Stages A and B with a receiver operating characteristic area under the curve of 89.8% and 87.5%, respectively (P <0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The IL-8 serum concentration in our clinically well-defined patient sample was independent of the f/t PSA ratio as a predictor of CaP. When test samples are controlled for extraneous clinical origin of inflammation or infection, the combination of the IL-8 and f/t PSA assay results may offer an improved approach for distinguishing BPH from CaP.

Adult↗