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Biomedical subjects

R Lambert

Publications and source records attributed to R Lambert.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Endosonography in gastroenterology. Update in 1989].

Endosonography consists of exploring the gastrointestinal wall and surrounding tissue with the aid of an ultrasound transducer introduced into the gastrointestinal lumen. High frequency ultrasound (more than 7 MHz) is used and provides high definition imaging. Its principal role is in oncology, and more particularly in the assessment of tumor extension. Regardless of whether it is the rectum, esophagus or stomach being considered, it is possible to predict the depth of tumor invasion in the wall in more than 80% of cases. The determination of invasion of adjacent organs is still somewhat imprecise. Endosonography provides better analysis of lymph nodes than CT scan (70 to 75% precision) and improvements will occur with better description of the criteria of malignancy. It appears interesting for the evaluation of pancreatic and biliary tumors and for follow-up of patients already treated for gastrointestinal cancer. Among its other indications, some have been well established (gastrointestinal submucosal tumors, giant gastropathy) and others require confirmation (villous tumors of the rectum, gastric ulcer).

Bile Duct Neoplasms↗
PubMed1988

Laser treatment of tumors of the papilla of Vater.

Tumors of the papilla of Vater, should be separated from periampullary tumors. They are not always malignant, and recent data from endoscopy series, and pathology studies, supports the adenoma-carcinoma sequence at this level. Adenomas are tubular or villous and are classified according to the degree of dysplasia. The endoscopic pattern separates exophytic tumors, sessile and easily detected, from intracanalar tumors usually detected after sphincterotomy. The malignancy of an exophytic tumor is suspected when it is ulcerated or large (over 3 cm), and is easily confirmed by biopsies. The typing of intracanalar tumors is more difficult. In a 5-year period, an ampullary tumor was detected by ERCP in 52 patients: the tumor was exophytic in 33 and intracanalar in 19. Adenocarcinoma was confirmed in 26 and adenoma in 26, resulting in a 50% ratio. Among the adenomas, 18 were fully benign and 8 had a superficial cancer focus. Therapeutic procedures included: laser photodestruction in 16, snare resection in 16, sphincterotomy in 47, stenting in 8, surgical bypass in 7, cephalic duodenopancreatectomy in 16. The 16 patients treated by laser (Nd:YAG mainly) included 8 adenomas: a complete tumor destruction was obtained in 7 (follow up from 14 to 53 months). Adenomatous recurrence was observed at 2 years in one patient. In 8 other patients the tumor was an adenocarcinoma; Laser photodestruction failed to completely destroy the tumor in 1 patient (operative control), in 7 others it was adopted as a complement to sphincteromy and stenting in palliation, but was not found very effective.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1988

Eurotium spp. and echinulin in feed refused by swine.

Feed refused by swine contained a high-propagule density of Eurotium chevalieri Mangin (anamorph, Aspergillus chevalieri (Mangin) Thom and Church), Eurotium amstelodami Mangin (anamorph, Aspergillus amstelodami (Mangin Thom and Church), and Aspergillus candidus Link. Echinulin (8 micrograms/g of feed) was detected in the feed. Isolates of E. chevalieri and E. amstelodami but not A. candidus produced echinulin on rice or cracked corn. Mice refused to drink water containing 90 micrograms of echinulin per ml. This is the first report of the alkaloid echinulin in feed refused by swine.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1988

Percutaneous aspiration and drainage of hydatid cysts in the liver.

Percutaneous aspiration of hydatid cysts of the liver was performed in 13 patients, and subsequent percutaneous drainage was performed in three of the 13. Aspiration was performed with ultrasound or computed tomographic guidance with 22-gauge to 19-gauge needles. Analysis of the aspirated specimen established the diagnosis of hydatid cysts in nine of the 13 patients. Fragments of the laminated membrane were seen in seven cases, scolices in two cases, and hooklets in two cases. In the four cases with negative results on aspiration, the diagnosis was established with surgical findings in one case and unequivocal immunologic results in three cases. In two patients, a mild allergic reaction with temporary pruritus was observed. In three patients, percutaneous drainage was performed with a 5-F to 8.3-F catheter, and sterilization of the cyst was achieved by injection of a scolicidal agent. No complications occurred at the time of drainage, and no recurrences developed during 6 months to 1 year after drainage.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Ultrasonoendoscopy: its indications in esophageal and gastric pathology].

Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), which uses a high sonographic frequency (7.5 mHz) is a recently developed diagnostic tool that enables detailed analysis of the digestive wall and visualization of adjacent structures, like the posterior mediastinum through the esophagus. Thus, EUS may provide accurate documentation of the extent of esophagogastric malignancies, and of the adjacent lymph-node involvement. From now, results in preoperative staging compare favourably with CT scan. EUS provides also helpful complementary informations for the diagnosis of giant fold gastropathies or submucosal (or extrinsic) abnormalities. Moreover it may be usefull for the post-therapeutic follow-up of cancers, ulcers or varices.

Esophageal Diseases↗
PubMed1987

Glomerular epithelial cell lesions in rat renal isografts.

Visceral glomerular epithelial cell lesions--microvillus formation, loss of foot processes, osmiophilic inclusion droplets, balloon-like malformation of cell processes, degeneration, necrosis, and loss of cell processes from capillary basement membranes--are found in rat renal isografts 1 mth after transplantation. The lesions, which are most readily recognized in perfusion-fixed material, are essentially focal, affecting neither all glomeruli, nor all cells in any glomerulus, bear no relation to the degree of interstitial nephritis in the graft, and are associated with albuminuria and with focal capillary sclerosis in some glomeruli. They are not restricted to renal isografts but are found in aging rats, in different experimental models of glomerular disease and in clinical glomerular disorders, again in association with proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis. It is therefore proposed that glomerular epithelial cell damage increases capillary permeability and impairs maintenance of the integrity of the capillary wall, leading to proteinuria and focal glomerulosclerosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Conjugated and unconjugated C-21, C-19 and C-18 steroid concentrations in human follicular fluid from hyperstimulated follicles.

Concentrations of unconjugated and glucuronated C-21, C-19 and C-18 steroids have been measured in follicular fluid obtained from women hyperstimulated by a combination of clomiphene citrate, pergonal and hCG. Pregnenolone and its glucuronide are found at approximately 5% of the progesterone values (14,395 +/- 2300 ng/ml). Concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone glucuronide, androst-5-ene-3 beta, 17 beta-diol glucuronide, dihydrotestosterone glucuronide, androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol glucuronide and androstane-3 beta, 17 beta-diol glucuronide are 2-6-fold higher than those of the related unconjugated steroids, while testosterone glucuronide levels are lower than those of testosterone. The concentrations of androsterone glucuronide reach almost 30-fold those of androsterone (2.56 +/- 0.35 ng/ml). By contrast, estradiol and estrone concentrations are 10-20-fold higher than those of conjugated steroids. Measurement of plasma steroid glucuronides indicated that the concentrations in circulation are markedly lower than those detected in follicular fluid. Our data suggest that the ovary in humans may be a site of glucuronidation.

Chorionic Gonadotropin↗
PubMed1987

[Laser treatment of villous rectal tumors].

The treatment of villous rectal tumors with the Nd: YAG laser is characterized by its great effectiveness (almost 90% of complete eradication in our series of 100 cases), and by its great tolerance. It may be applied to all patients regardless of their condition. In case of running villous tumors, complete destruction is more difficult to obtain and the laser method must be weighed against the risks and advantages of radical surgery. The problems raised by frequent foci of adenocarcinoma, which characterize large villous lesions, is minimized by a strict therapeutic protocol: in fact, the foci are superficial in the majority of the cases and they do not decrease the percentage of complete destruction; in other cases, it is possible, by repeated histological controls, in case of persisting positive biopsies, to modify, in time, the choice of treatment.

Adenoma↗