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Biomedical subjects

R Lansdown

Publications and source records attributed to R Lansdown.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Developmental progress of newborns undergoing neonatal surgery.

The development of 30 full-term infants undergoing surgery soon after birth was compared with a matched group of 29 healthy newborn infants in a prospective longitudinal study. At 1 year of age the infants who underwent surgery were performing within the normal range, but significantly less well than the controls in almost all areas of development. Of the various neonatal and perinatal factors studied, the length of hospital admission was the one most strongly associated with developmental progress at 1 year of age.

Child Development↗
PubMed1989

The care of the child facing death.

With the decrease in infant mortality, together with an increase in survival rates of many conditions of later childhood, the death of a child became a relatively rare event. The concept of death developing in a child from its 3rd year of life on renders sensitive care necessary. Caring for dying children is not the sole preserve of the professional counsellor, social worker or psychologist. Children will chose whom they communicate with. It is important that the person who is chosen is able to seek support for him- or herself and can be part of a team offering help.

Attitude to Death↗
PubMed1989

Cross-validation of short forms of the WISC-R in two British samples.

Short forms of the WISC-R were computed by multiple linear regression on two samples of British children aged 6 to 12 years. The predictive validity of each short form was assessed both within the sample on which it was developed and cross-validated on the other sample. The empirically determined loss of power of prediction was found to be less than expected on a priori grounds. Predictions of individual scores at the lower end of the IQ distribution were less acceptable. It is concluded that short forms are robust and of value in research and for screening purposes, but cannot be recommended for clinical purposes.

Child↗
PubMed1989

Factors associated with developmental progress of full term neonates who required intensive care.

The development of 43 infants born at full term, who were admitted to neonatal intensive care units shortly after birth, was compared in a prospective longitudinal study with that of a group of 29 healthy newborn babies. Thirty infants required emergency operations during the neonatal period, and 13 were admitted for medical reasons. The effects of being in hospital and being separated from their mothers were also studied. At 1 year the 'sick' babies were performing significantly less well in almost all areas of development. In the group of sick infants, the mothers' mental health explained 25% of the variance in developmental outcome at 6 months. At 1 year the most important predictor was length of stay in hospital, which explained 35% of the variance.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1988

Intellectual development in Apert's syndrome: a long term follow up of 29 patients.

Twenty-nine patients with Apert's syndrome were ascertained through hospital records. The mean age was 19.3 years (range eight to 35 years). Further information was obtained on their intelligence, education, and employment records. Fourteen patients (48%) had a normal or borderline IQ (greater than 70), nine patients (31%) were mildly mentally retarded (IQ 50 to 70), four patients (14%) were moderately retarded (IQ 35 to 49), and two patients (7%) were severely retarded (IQ less than 35). Early craniectomy did not appear to improve intellectual outcome. Six of the seven school leavers with normal or borderline intelligence were in full time employment or vocational training.

Acrocephalosyndactylia↗
PubMed1986

The relationship between blood-lead concentrations, intelligence, attainment and behaviour in a school population: the second London study.

This study replicates an earlier one carried out in London in which an association was found between lead and intelligence, reading and spelling. In the present study 194 children living near an urban motorway were given the same battery of tests as well as an extensive family interview to determine background variables. Before social factors were taken into account there were no significant associations between lead and outcome variable. Possible reasons for the negative results from this study are discussed.

Achievement↗
PubMed1986

Childrens' and adults' reactions to photographs taken before and after facial surgery.

This study is one of the very few which examines observers' evaluations of photographs of faces taken before and after relatively minor facial reconstructive surgery. Observers of over thirteen years of age judged the 'after' operation faces to be significantly more attractive, intelligent and happy than the 'before' faces. The judgements of observers aged under twelve years were not affected, thus suggesting that adult negative stereotyping of abnormal faces is due to social-learning. The results of this study lend weight to the argument that those who wish to have their facial abnormalities reduced may be accurately reporting that society is unkind to them. The evidence does not support the view that people wishing to have facial abnormality reduction must, by definition, be neurotic phantasizers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Automated testing of reaction time and its association with lead in children.

Following Needleman et al.'s (1979) report of a correlation between tooth lead estimates in children and reaction time as measured by Rodnick and Shakow's (1940) delayed reaction time paradigm, a version of the procedure with two delay periods of 3 s and 12 s was developed for automated presentation and scoring on a VIC-20 microcomputer. Data are presented from a study of 300 children aged 6-14 years. Mean reaction time over six trials for each delay period related in a curvilinear fashion with age, but no relationships were found with sex or intelligence. Age-adjusted reaction time related significantly with blood-lead levels, but accounted for only about 1 per cent of the variance. The effect was mainly observed in younger (6-10 years) children in whom higher lead was associated with slower reaction time.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Behavioural methods in the treatment of sleep disorders--a pilot study.

The efficacy of behavioural methods of treatment for severe sleep disorders was examined in a pilot study involving 35 children aged 1-5 years. Improvement occurred in 77%. Methodological issues concerning the selection of children for treatment, selecting adequate controls and outcome measures, and using parents as therapists, are discussed.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1979

Moderately raised blood lead levels in children.

There is no doubt that high blood lead levels are associated with mental subnormality and hyperactivity. Several recent studies in Britain and America have investigated the relation between moderate levels, i.e. between 20 and 40 microgram/100 ml and behavioural and cognitive phenomena. Epidemiological studies have generally failed to point to a clearcut relation between such levels and overactivity or decrements in performance on standard intelligence and educational tests. Published studies with the use of chelation techniques have suffered from methodological weaknesses. It is known that socio-economic factors are powerfully related to measured intelligence and behaviour and, on the evidence available, it is to them that attention should primarily be given if preventative measures are being considered. There remains the possibility that more refined test measures would detect impaired functioning in children with moderately raised lead levels, and that there is an interaction effect between lead and host resistance.

Child↗