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Biomedical subjects

R Leigh

Publications and source records attributed to R Leigh.

33 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Induced sputum, eosinophilic bronchitis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

The application of sputum induction and refined methods of sputum examination has provided the opportunity to examine cell and molecular markers of airway inflammation in asthma, COPD, and other airway diseases. The measurements are relatively noninvasive and can be applied safely, with care, even in more severe exacerbations of asthma and severe COPD. Induced sputum examination can be applied at random and repeatedly and gives results that are reproducible, valid, and responsive to changes in treatment. An eosinophilic bronchitis, defined as sputum eosinophilia, is typical of asthma but can also occur in patients with a chronic cough without asthma, and in some patients with COPD in whom the classic inflammatory response is neutrophilic without eosinophilia. When eosinophilia occurs in COPD, it has been considered to be the result of cigarette smoking but it may be due to other causes. The clinical importance of eosinophilic bronchitis is that it responds to treatment with corticosteroid. In contrast, there is increasing evidence that an absence of sputum eosinophilia is associated with steroid resistance. Hargreave FE, Leigh R. Induced sputum, eosinophilic bronchitis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Asthma↗
PubMed1998

Perversion.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Humans↗
PubMed1984

Morphometric analysis of small intestinal mucosa. I. Methodology, epithelial volume compartments and enumeration of inter-epithelial space lymphocytes.

Morphometric techniques for quantitating cytologic and volumetric changes in small intestinal mucosae are described: measurements were controlled with respect to a constant 'test area' of muscularis mucosae, thus following valid comparisons between normal and damaged mucosae. Procedures for enumerating cell populations within mucosal volume compartments are illustrated by analyzing lymphocytes within surface epithelium. These techniques serve to distinguish (i) absolute cell counts from (ii) relative cell counts ("densities") the latter being shown to be considerably affected by changes in epithelial volume. They also permit construction of mathematical models e.g. cubes of equivalent volume, volume-density graphs, proportional volumes, which are illustrated. Use of these morphometric procedures showed that there is no major difference in epithelial lymphocyte populations between untreated coeliac disease, and control, mucosae. The data thus fail to support the widespread view that "infiltration" of coeliac disease epithelium by lymphocytes represents a local cell-mediated immune reaction to gluten.

Celiac Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Occupational neutrophilic asthma.

Occupational asthma is typically associated with an eosinophilic bronchitis. The case of a 41-year-old woman who developed symptoms of asthma after occupational exposure to metal working fluids is reported. The diagnosis of asthma was confirmed by an forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) of 1.7 (59% predicted), with 11% reversibility after inhaled bronchodilator and a provocation concentration of methacholine to cause a fall in FEV1 of 20% (PC20) of 0.4 mg/mL. Induced sputum examination showed a marked neutrophilia. Over the next six months, serial sputum analyses confirmed the presence of a marked sterile neutrophilic bronchitis during periods of occupational exposure to metal working fluids, which resolved when the patient was away from work and recurred when she returned to work. The sputum findings were mirrored by corresponding changes in spirometry and PC20 methacholine. The findings indicate the occurrence of occupational asthma associated with an intense, sterile neutrophilic bronchitis after exposure to metal working fluids.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nicotine replacement combined with a novel compound (ProBAN) for smoking cessation: a pilot study.

BACKGROUND: Smoking cessation rates with available pharmacological therapies remain suboptimal. Anecdotal observations with a combination of sublingual pralidoxime and ipratropium (ProBAN) suggested that these agents in combination with nicotine gum improved quit rates. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether ProBAN together with nicotine replacement improves quit rates compared with nicotine replacement alone. DESIGN: A 12-week, prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled pilot study. SETTING: University-affiliated outpatient clinic. POPULATION STUDIED: Healthy adult smokers were recruited via advertisements. Of 107 subjects seen at the screening visit, 27 were excluded because of comorbid illness or concomitant medication use. INTERVENTIONS: Of 80 eligible subjects, 40 were randomly assigned to receive treatment with ProBAN sub- lingual tablets and nicotine gum (treatment group), and 40 to receive placebo tablets and nicotine gum (control group) for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was complete continuous abstinence of smoking from one through 12 weeks after the quit date. MAIN RESULTS: There were no adverse effects in the treatment group. At one week after the quit date, 35% of ProBAN-treated subjects had quit compared with 18% of control subjects (odds ratio [OR] 2.5, 95% CI 0.9 to 7.2). Corresponding quit rates at four weeks were 28% and 15% (OR 2.1, 95% CI 0.7 to 6.5), at eight weeks were 25% and 13% (OR 2.3, 95% CI 0.7 to 7.6), and at 12 weeks were 23% and 13% (OR 2.0, 95% CI 0.6 to 6.7), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study indicated that ProBAN combined with nicotine replacement doubled the continuous sustained quit rate compared with nicotine replacement alone, with no adverse effects. Although not statistically significant due to the size of the study, this result suggests that it may be an effective therapy for smoking cessation, and larger studies are warranted.

Administration, Sublingual↗