Resection of advanced stage neuroblastoma with the cavitron ultrasonic surgical aspirator.
Current protocols for the treatment of neuroblastoma emphasize total or near total resection of tumor to improve survival. This is preferentially performed as a primary procedure, or is attempted at a second-look operation. Unfortunately, this tumor often grows to large size with invasion of the spinal canal, or encasement of major vascular or other retroperitoneal structures. A primary attempt at complete removal may result in difficult-to-control hemorrhage or injury to, or loss of, vital organs. A second-look procedure carries other intrinsic risks. It often must be performed during a period of chemotherapeutically induced hematologic and immunologic suppression. The presence of adhesions and dense scar tissue increases the complexity of the dissection. The Cavitron Ultrasonic Surgical Aspirator (CUSA) combines continuous fragmentation, irrigation, and aspiration in one instrument. Tissues high in water content are selectively fragmented and aspirated, while tissues high in collagen and elastin (such as blood vessels and pseudocapsular walls) are selectively spared. Five patients, two with large pelvic dumbell tumors, two with large intrathoracic tumors, and one with a seemingly unresectable large right adrenal tumor (crossing the midline with extensive aortocaval nodal involvement) had total or near-total resection accomplished using the CUSA. In these patients, initial resection of the relatively soft inner part of the tumor left a collapsed pseudocapsule, which was then removed under greatly improved exposure in a relatively small field. The constant aspiration virtually eliminated tumor spillage. Since most vessels were skeletonized without penetration, total blood loss was minimized. There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications.