Anopheline breeding in ponds of central Gujarat with reference to water hyacinth infestation.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
R M Bhatt
Publications and source records attributed to R M Bhatt.
Microscopic diagnosis of malaria in Kheda district of Gujarat.
A study conducted in 1990 revealed that 2% (range 0.6-4.8) of negative blood smears were mislabelled as positive, and 6.7% of positive blood smears were mislabelled as negative. A result of such mislabelling would be inadequate treatment of a large number of patients. Hence the need to look into the training aspect and system of supervision of laboratory technicians. The present system of cross-checking of blood smears at different levels also needs to be reviewed. A study which could address itself to these needs is indicated.
Adult↗
Biting rhythms of malaria vector Anopheles culicifacies in Kheda district, Gujarat.
All night collections on bovine baits were made in 6 villages of Kheda district, Gujarat. During 70 all night bait collections from January to December 1989, a total of 2290 An. culicifacies were collected. An. culicifacies mostly exhibited bimodal rhythms with a seasonal shift in peak biting activities. During the cold season most biting occurred just after dusk and during the warm season late at night. An. culicifacies was more active during moonless hours and its activity showed no correlation with temperature and humidity during most part of the year.
Animals↗
Isolation and laboratory evaluation of an indigenous strain of Bacillus sphaericus (9001).
An indigenous strain of Bacillus sphaericus H5a (9001), possessing high insecticidal properties, was isolated from diseased larvae of Culex species. This strain in comparison with the known strains of B. sphaericus, i.e., 1593 and 2362, was found to be promising against the fourth instar larvae of Anopheles culicifacies, An. stephensi, An. subpictus, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus. B. sphaericus 9001 is highly stable and virulent through 25 successive transfers and thus can be effectively used as a biocontrol agent against immature stages of mosquitoes.
Animals↗
Seasonal prevalence of anophelines in Kheda district, Gujarat.
Seasonal changes in the population structure of anophelines were studied in Kheda district, Gujarat. Mosquito collections were made from the villages of Nadiad taluka, representing 3 different physiographic zones. Maximum number of anopheline species (13) were recorded from canal irrigated area followed by 11 species from non-canal irrigated and 8 species from riverine areas. Four anophelines namely An. subpictus, An. culicifacies, An. annularis and An. stephensi were predominant. High densities of An. culicifacies and An. subpictus were recorded in March and August. Results of a four year study (1985 to 1988) on the population of anophelines from 3 different physiographic entities showed marked differences in the seasonal abundance of different species.
Animals↗
A quantitative survey of anophelines in six villages of Kheda District, Gujarat.
Sampling of anophelines from six villages of Kheda district, Gujarat was done using four different methods viz. indoor resting, outdoor resting, bovine bait trap and immature collections. A total of 113,487 specimens representing 17 species were collected. An. subpictus (66.51 per cent) was most abundant species followed by An. culicifacies (14.12 per cent) and An. tessellatus (5.24 per cent). Bovine bait collections were found most productive yielding maximum species and highest number of anophelines per unit of collection efforts. Indoor resting collections yielded poorest diversity and greater number of specimens per unit of collection effort than outdoor resting collections. Maximum diversity was observed in outdoor collections. Most of the species exhibited unimodal prevalence.
Animals↗
Interspecific associations among anophelines in different breeding habitats of Kheda district, Gujarat. Part I: Canal irrigated area.
In a study covering two years, 1306 samples of immatures were collected from 7 different breeding habitats of canal irrigated villages of Kheda district in Gujarat. Out of the samples belonging to 8 anopheline species, 14396 adults emerged. Breeding of An. culicifacies was associated with An. annularis in ponds, paddy fields, small pools and with An. stephensi in paddy fields. Maximum association was observed between An. barbirostris and An. nigerrimus in irrigation canals and An. culicifacies and An. subpictus in intradomestic containers. An. annularis, An. stephensi and An. subpictus were strongly associated in paddy fields. Strong interspecific repulsion was observed between An. subpictus and An. stephensi in intradomestic containers and An. barbirostris and An. subpictus in ponds.
Animals↗
Resting of mosquitoes in outdoor pit shelters in Kheda district, Gujarat.
Outdoor resting habits of mosquitoes were studied in Kheda district, Gujarat using the artificial pit shelters. Studies revealed that mosquitoes prefer to rest in pit shelters and these habitats can be used for monitoring of mosquito populations and other ecological and behavioural studies.
Animals↗
Studies on the anopheline fauna of Kheda district and species specific breeding habitats.
Information on anopheline fauna of Kheda district in Gujarat dates back to 1950. Since then there have been vast ecological changes due to development projects and intensive irrigation. To study the anopheline fauna of Kheda district collections from 164 villages representing 7 talukas of the district were made. Sixteen anopheline species were recorded, of these 8 species were recorded for the first time. Maximum number of anopheline species (16) were recorded from canal irrigated area followed by 11 species from riverine area and 10 species from non-canal irrigated area. Four anopheline species namely An. subpictus, An. culicifacies, An. annularis and An. stephensi were predominant and constituted 99.9% of the total anophelines and rest of the 12 species accounted for 0.1%. In this paper, results of the study on mosquito ecology with particular emphasis on species specific breeding preferences, associations and frequency of distribution in various types of aquatic habitats have been reported.
Animals↗
Serum creatine phosphokinase in tetanus.
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Creatine Kinase↗
Field evaluation of biolarvicides in Surat city, India.
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Two bacterial larvicide (bio-larvicide) formulations--Bacticide and VectoBac containing viable endospores and delta endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis H-14 were evaluated in 2001 for their mosquito larvicidal efficacy under the operational conditions of urban malaria control programme in Surat city, India. METHODS: Larvicides were applied at the recommended dose in selected breeding habitats of Anopheles (An. stephensi), Aedes (Ae. aegypti) and Culex (Cx. quinquefasciatus) and reductions in the densities of III and IV instars were compared with that of untreated matched controls. RESULTS: At the construction sites in cemented tanks/chambers VectoBac produced reduction in the density of III and IV instar larvae of An. stephensi (98-100%) and Ae. aegypti (100%) in the first week of application whereas Bacticide produced 71-100% reduction in An. stephensi and 100% in Ae. aegypti. Re-application of VectoBac on Day 10 caused better control up to Day 20 when compared with Bacticide. In stagnant water pools, VectoBac produced 27.6-85.3% reduction in the larvae of An. subpictus and 18.5-83.8% in those of Cx. quinquefasciatus whereas Bacticide produced 23.3-30.3% and 39-97.2% reduction in An. subpictus and Cx. quinquefasciatus larval densities in the first week post application, respectively. Bacticide application gave better impact on Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae in the second week after re-application as compared to VectoBac. In storm water drains, VectoBac caused respectively 6.2-100% and 6.4-97.6% reduction in An. subpictus and Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae in the first week of application whereas Bacticide produced 100% and 13.3-98.8% reduction in An. subpictus and Cx. quinquefasciatus larval densities, respectively. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION: Both the formulations were equally effective on An. subpictus and Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae after a second application. The results showed that application of these biolarvicides would be required at 7-10 day intervals. The health workers engaged in the application of biolarvicides reported a better ease of handling and application of the liquid formulation (VectoBac) than the wettable powder formulation (Bacticide).
Aedes↗