PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

R M Holliday

Publications and source records attributed to R M Holliday.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Haematological prognostic indices after myocardial infarction: evidence from the diet and reinfarction trial (DART).

Data from the Diet and Reinfarction Trial were examined to check the prognostic effects of plasma fibrinogen, plasma viscosity, white blood cell count, haemoglobin and mean platelet volume in 92 deaths among 1755 men who had recently recovered from acute myocardial infarction. All these variables were significantly associated with all-cause mortality over the following 18 months (haemoglobin negatively, the others positively). Those who gave up smoking following their infarct had a lower mortality than those who continued to smoke (4.1% and 7.9% respectively), and this effect appeared to be mediated by fibrinogen levels. Smoking habit accounted for only part of the prognostic effect of fibrinogen and white blood cell count. Haematological variables have an important prognostic significance after myocardial infarction. Cessation of smoking after myocardial infarction is worthwhile and has a favourable effect on plasma fibrinogen.

Blood Viscosity↗
PubMed1990

The diets of men in four areas of the UK: the Caerphilly, Northern Ireland, Edinburgh and Speedwell studies.

Nutrient intakes in four areas of the UK were compared, 7-d weighed intake data were obtained for representative community samples of middle-aged men in Caerphilly (South Wales), Northern Ireland, Edinburgh and Bristol (Speedwell). Intakes of energy were higher in Edinburgh than in the other three areas, but following allowance for this, differences in nutrient intakes were very small. The exceptions were P/S ratio and alcohol consumption. The P/S ratio for Northern Ireland (0.38) was considerably higher than that for the other areas (0.30 to 0.32). The proportion of heavy drinkers was higher in Edinburgh (15 per cent) than in other areas (5-9 per cent) and the proportion of abstainers was highest in Northern Ireland (38 per cent). Differences in nutrient intakes did not parallel the differences in ischaemic heart disease (IHD) mortality rates between the areas.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1989

Effects of changes in fat, fish, and fibre intakes on death and myocardial reinfarction: diet and reinfarction trial (DART).

A randomised controlled trial with a factorial design was done to examine the effects of dietary intervention in the secondary prevention of myocardial infarction (MI). 2033 men who had recovered from MI were allocated to receive or not to receive advice on each of three dietary factors: a reduction in fat intake and an increase in the ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fat, an increase in fatty fish intake, and an increase in cereal fibre intake. The advice on fat was not associated with any difference in mortality, perhaps because it produced only a small reduction (3-4%) in serum cholesterol. The subjects advised to eat fatty fish had a 29% reduction in 2 year all-cause mortality compared with those not so advised. This effect, which was significant, was not altered by adjusting for ten potential confounding factors. Subjects given fibre advice had a slightly higher mortality than other subjects (not significant). The 2 year incidence of reinfarction plus death from ischaemic heart disease was not significantly affected by any of the dietary regimens. A modest intake of fatty fish (two or three portions per week) may reduce mortality in men who have recovered from MI.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1987

Atrophic gastritis and vitamin C status in two towns with different stomach cancer death-rates.

A survey was conducted of 513 men aged 65 74 years living in two British towns with high and low stomach cancer death-rates. The prevalence of severe atrophic gastritis (defined as a serum pepsinogen I less than 20 micrograms l-1) was significantly higher in the high-risk than in the low-risk town (14.5% and 7.7% respectively); it also tended to be higher in the manual workers, who are known to have a greater risk of stomach cancer than non-manual workers. The manual workers in the high-risk town were particularly likely to have had a partial gastrectomy. Plasma ascorbate concentration and fruit intake were lower in the high-risk area and lower social classes, suggesting a poorer vitamin C status. There was, however, no direct relationship between ascorbate concentration and the presence of severe atrophic gastritis. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that risk of stomach cancer is determined in two stages--a long-term effect, producing atrophic gastritis; and a short-term effect in which vitamin C is protective.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Why is chest disease so common in South Wales? Smoking, social class, and lung function: a survey of elderly men in two areas.

A respiratory survey was conducted in two British towns, one with a high mortality (Caerphilly) and one with a low mortality (Bath) from respiratory disease. A total of 513 men aged 65-74 years were seen. The Caerphilly men had poorer lung function than the Bath men; the overall difference in FEV1 and FVC for men aged 70 and 1.68m tall was 0.16 1 and 0.17 1 respectively. These differences appeared to be largely due to the greater tendency of the Caerphilly men to smoke and to an effect related to social class. Respiratory symptoms were also more common in Caerphilly, principally because of the effects of smoking and occupational group, although when these factors were allowed for there was still a significantly greater prevalence of breathless wheezing in Caerphilly.

Aged↗