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Biomedical subjects

R M Jakowski

Publications and source records attributed to R M Jakowski.

32 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Feline oncornavirus-associated cell membrane antigen. III. Antibody titers in cats from leukemia cluster households.

Serum samples from 182 healthy cats residing in environments known to have a natural exposure to feline leukemia virus (FeLV) were examined for the presence of antibody to the feline oncornavirus-associated cell membrane antigen. The number included 138 cats from leukemia-"cluster" households. Such cats previously showed greatly increased frequencies of FeLV infection, as determined by the virus group-specific antigen (gasa) in peripheral blood leukocytes and platelets. The geometric mean antibody titer for all 182 cats with known exposure to FeLV was 4.69, more than four times higher than the mean titer for healthy pet cats from the same geographic areas but with no known FeLV exposure. About 92 percent of the cats in exposure environments were positive for FeLV gsa or feline oncornavirus-associated cell membrane antigen (FOCMA) antibody, and gsa-positive cats had lower FOCMA antibody geometric mean titers than gsa-negative cats. In the exposure environments, no differences were seen for cats of different sexes, but a higher geometric mean antibody titer was observed for cats 5 years and over when compared to younger groups. These results prove that previous reports of increased incidences of leukemia in cluster households were not due to chance alone, but rather to increased infection rates of cats in the FeLV environment. Also, they suggest that horizontal transmission of FeLV is highly efficient under crowded conditions, and that most cats naturally exposed to virus elicit an active immune response.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1975

Transmission of marble spleen disease in turkeys and pheasants.

Marble spleen disease (MSD) of ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus L.) was transmitted in the laboratory to pheasants and turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo L.) by oral, colonic, and intravenous routes of inoculation, using cell-free supernatant fluids of splenic suspension from birds with naturally occurring MSD. Gross lesions consisted of large mottled spleens, a lesion more prominent in infected pheasants than in turkeys. The only microscopic lesion and also the criterion of infection were the presence of typical intranuclear inclusions of MSD. Similar to microscopic observations in naturally infected birds was the presence of inclusions in cells of spleen, bone marrow, liver, lung, bursa of Fabricius, and intestine-associated lymphoid tisse (IALT) OF EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED BIRDS. Ultrastructural examination of splenic cells with intranuclear inclusions from turkey and pheasant with experimentally transmitted disease revealed viral particles and inclusions morphologically indistinguishable from those observed in naturally infected birds. Results of viral isolation procedures in turkey embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) and yolk sac, as well as in turkey embryo fibroblast (TEF) and turkey kidney cell (TKC) cultures, were negative. Serologic assay by agar gel immunodiffusion tests indicated cross-reactivity between splenic MSD antigen and spleinic hemorrhagic enteritis (HE) of turkey antigen. Lines of fusion were formed between the splenic antigen from naturally occurring MSD in pheasants, experimentally transmitted MSD in turkeys, and HE of turkeys, using the homologous serum antibody to each of the 3 antigens.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Vascular supply of the tendon of the equine deep digital flexor muscle within the digital sheath.

The vascular and microvascular anatomy of the equine deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) within the digital sheath was studied by injecting the vasculature with either colored latex or barium sulphate for radiographic, microangiographic, histologic, and computed tomographic (CT) evaluation. Consecutive 4-mm thick two-dimensional CT slice data were reconstructed to 3-dimensional volumetric images to enhance spatial evaluation of the blood supply. Gross dissection and angiographic studies identified three major vascular sources. Above the fetlock, the DDFT was supplied by either a branch of the medial palmar artery (Arteriae digitalis palmaris communis II) or a branch of the medial palmar digital artery (A. digitalis [palmaris propria III] medialis). Below the fetlock, the DDFT was supplied by branches from the lateral and medial palmar branches to the proximal phalanx (Ramus palmaris phalangis proximalis). The most distal aspect of the tendon received small branches from the medial and lateral palmar digital arteries. Using histology and microangigraphy we observed an extensive and uniform intratendinous vascular network above and below the fetlock, with a relatively avascular region of tendon palmar to the fetlock. The most distal 2.0 to 2.5 cm of the tendon within the sheath was heavily infiltrated with fibrocartilage along its dorsal aspect.

Angiography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chylothorax and chylous ascites in a dog with mediastinal lymphangiosarcoma.

A 10-year-old, male toy poodle presented for evaluation of a progressively worsening, harsh, nonproductive cough. Chylous pleural effusion, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, normoblastemia, and recurrent subcutaneous bruising were diagnosed. Surgical exploration of the cranial mediastinum revealed extensive, redundant connective tissue which was confirmed by histopathology to be mediastinal lymphangiosarcoma (LAS). During surgical placement of a fenestrated silastic mesh for passive pleuroperitoneal drainage, chylous ascites also was diagnosed. The patient was euthanized two days postoperatively due to persistent chylothorax. The etiopathogenesis of chylothorax and chylous ascites are discussed. Previous case reports of lymphatic endothelial neoplasia are reviewed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lymphoproliferative diseases of fowl: characterization of transplantable G-B1 Marek's disease tumor cells in culture.

A transplantable Marek's disease tumor, derived and maintained through in vivo passage in syngeneic G-B1 chickens, was established in cell culture and characterized. The cells (GBT cells) grew in suspension and appeared morphologically similar to other Marek's lymphoblastoid lines except for prominent nucleoli in GBT cells. The number of chromosomes increased during in vitro cultivation from near triploid to subtetraploid. Chromosome no. 3 was abnormally short. The GBT cells retained surface B1 histocompatibility antigen of the original tumor as well as Marek's disease tumor-specific surface antigen (MATSA); however, infectious Marek's disease virus was not detected by immunofluorescence, electron microscopy, inoculation into susceptible birds, or assay on susceptible cells in culture. Inoculation of as few as 100 cultured cells into syngeneic G-B1 chickens results in tumor formation at the inoculation site, with eventual death of the recipients.

Animals↗