Biomedical subjects

R M Kowalski

Publications and source records attributed to R M Kowalski.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2000

An integrative contextual developmental model of male stalking.

This article evaluates current research and theory on stalking as a form of male violence against women. The integrative contextual developmental model (White & Kowalski, 1998) suggests that stalking, as legally defined, is best understood as a multiply determined form of violence, with variables identifiable at several levels, the sociocultural, interpersonal, dyadic, situational and intrapersonal. The model also serves as a framework for identifying gaps in current research and suggests directions for further work.

Fear↗

PubMed1996

Complaints and complaining: functions, antecedents, and consequences.

Although everyone complains at least occasionally, surprisingly little research attention has been devoted to the topic of complaining. In this review, complaints are defined as expressions of dissatisfaction, whether subjectively experienced or not, for the purpose of venting emotions or achieving intrapsychic goals, interpersonal goals, or both. A theoretical model of complaining is presented that examines the relationship between self-focus, the perceived utility of complaining, and complaining. In addition, this article examines variables related to people's dissatisfaction and complaining thresholds (i.e., negative affect, locus of control, self-presentational concerns, age, and gender), functions of complaining, and intrapersonal and interpersonal consequences of complaining.

Attitude to Health↗

PubMed1993

Unintentional suffocation by rebreathing: a death scene and physiologic investigation of a possible cause of sudden infant death.

As part of a 1-year study of sudden unexpected infant deaths in St. Louis, we performed both a specialized death scene investigation and, in selected cases, a physiologic reconstruction of the death scene with a rabbit model. Those cases in which the infant was found face down with nose and mouth covered by bedding were chosen for the physiologic testing; our goal was to assess the potential for lethal rebreathing of expired air. The physiologic studies reconstructed the infants' premortem ventilatory environment by using the head from an infant mannequin positioned on the actual bedding on which an infant had died and a rabbit breathing through the mannequin's nares. The specialized scene investigation was carried out in 31 of 32 deaths from sudden infant death syndrome, diagnosed by the usual methods. Of 31 infants, eight died with their faces downward and covered by bedding, and the bedding was obtained for further study in seven of eight cases. The bedding had low resistance to airflow (6.25 to 22.6 cm H2O/L per second), and caused considerable rebreathing that was lethal to the rabbits in five of seven cases. We conclude that items of bedding in common use are capable of causing lethal rebreathing by prone-sleeping infants whose nose and mouth become covered; suffocation by rebreathing was the probable mechanism of death in a substantial number of these deaths that had been attributed to sudden infant death syndrome.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

The Interaction Anxiousness Scale: construct and criterion-related validity.

This article presents data regarding the validity and reliability of the Interaction Anxiousness Scale (IAS; Leary 1983c), a self-report measure of dispositional social anxiety. The IAS demonstrates high test-retest and internal reliability. Correlations with measures relevant to social and general anxiety document its convergent and discriminant validity, and it correlates well with measures of anxiety and interpersonal concern in actual interactions.

Anxiety↗